Vol 97, No 4 (2016)
- Year: 2016
- Articles: 35
- URL: https://kazanmedjournal.ru/kazanmedj/issue/view/325
Diagnosis, prevention and organ-preserving method of delivery in pregnant women with placenta accreta
Abstract



Theoretical and clinical medicine
Remote patency of aortocoronary bypass grafts after endoscopic and conventional great saphenous vein harvesting
Abstract
Aim. To compare patency of aortocoronary bypass grafts in remote period after endoscopic and conventional (open) great saphenous vein harvesting. To analyze the patency of aortocoronary bypass grafts after endoscopic vein harvesting from calf and thigh.
Methods. The study involved 170 patients who underwent elective isolated coronary artery bypass grafting. Treatment results were evaluated in two prospectively formed groups: endoscopic (85 patients) and open (85 people) vein harvesting. Endoscopic vein harvesting was performed both from the calf and from the thigh through popliteal access using endoscopic system Vasoview 6.0. Patency of autovenous aortocoronary grafts was studied in 2.6±1.17 years after surgery using 64-slice contrast-enhanced MDCT or traditional angiography. Angiographic follow-up covered 76 patients with endoscopic vein harvesting and 79 patients with open vein harvesting.
Results. The studied groups did not differ in the frequency of detection of occluded, stenotic and fully patent autovenous aortocoronary bypass grafts (p=0.841). In endoscopic vein harvesting group frequency of autovenous aortocoronary bypass grafts occlusion was 25.7%, in the group of open vein harvesting - 25.1% (p=0.984). There was no difference in the patency of internal thoracic artery grafts to the left anterior descending artery (p=0.227), and freedom from adverse cardiac events (p=0.342). Occlusion of autovenous grafts after endoscopic harvesting from the calf developed less frequently than after endoscopic harvesting from the thigh (15.1 vs. 34.6%; p=0.013). Grafts after endoscopic harvesting in the knee region occluded most often (41.9%). Patency of aortocoronary bypass grafts after open vein harvesting was not dependent on the area of the vein harvesting (p=0.900).
Conclusion. Endoscopic vein harvesting does not compromise the patency of aortocoronary bypass graft and does not increase the risk of its occlusion; endoscopic harvesting of the veins from the calf improves indicators of aortocoronary grafts patency and reduces the risk of graft failure (odds ratio 0.3; 95% confidence interval 0.14-0.8; p = 0.013).



Evaluation of the relationship between concentration of endothelin-1 and magnesium in the blood and the severity of ischemic heart disease
Abstract
Aim. To study the relationship between concentrations of endothelin-1 and magnesium in blood depending on functional class and old myocardial infarction in patients with stable angina.
Methods. The study included 58 patients with ischemic heart disease, II and III functional class stable angina. 19 of these patients suffered a myocardial infarction in the past. The control group consisted of 25 healthy volunteers. Endothelin-1 level in blood serum was determined by enzyme immunoassay, the concentration of magnesium by colorimetric method.
Results.Endothelin-1 level in the general group of patients with stable angina was 1.28±0.23 fmol/ml and was significantly higher than that of control group (0.52±0.13 fmol/ml, p
Conclusion. In patients with II-III functional class stable angina statistically significant increase in level of endothelin-1 and a decrease in the concentration of magnesium in blood serum compared with the control group was revealed; a negative correlation between endothelin-1 and magnesium levels in the blood, which is characterized by increasing the degree of correlation depending on the severity of the ischemic heart disease clinical form was established.



Ultrasonic indicators of the heart and carotid arteries in arterial hypertension development in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Abstract
Aim. To specify the sequence of changes in the functional parameters of arterial hypertension in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and asthma according to the results of echocardiography, carotid arteries duplex scan and ambulatory blood pressure monitoring.
Methods. Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring, tissue Doppler echocardiography and carotid artery duplex scan were performed in 160 patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, arterial hypertension, asthma, and 33 apparently healthy volunteers of both sexes aged 39-70 years.
Results. In patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, an increase in hypertensive indices of time and area with the development of non-dipper or inverse-dipper 24-hour blood pressure profile disturbances is registered only at night hours. In chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, unlike asthma, carotid arteries thickening, combined hypertrophy and diastolic dysfunction of both ventricles develop. The prevalence of the thickening of «intima-media» complex and atherosclerotic plaques among patients with comorbid pathology (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease + arterial hypertension) occurs significantly more frequently than in the groups with hypertension or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, confirming the synergistic effect of the considered nosologies on the atherosclerotic process.
Conclusion. In patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease changes of the ultrasonic and functional indicators of the cardiovascular system, typical for arterial hypertension are registered starting with stage I and amplified with increase in the disease severity, leading to the need of diagnostic and therapeutic management correction.



Assessing chemical elements balance in patients with hypertension
Abstract
Aim. To assess the imbalance of the chemical elements in biological substrates in the adult population of Irkutsk suffering from hypertension.
Methods. During the work performance, the data of 55 patients with hypertension including 40 women aged 41-66 years and 15 men aged 52-66 years living in the city of Irkutsk were investigated. During the study of the elemental status of patients with hypertension, determination of 25 elements content in the hair was performed. Analysis of the studied samples was conducted in the NGO «Center for Biotic Medicine» laboratory. 7 elements is determined by ion-selective method in the blood: K, Na, Mg, Fe, Cl, Ca, P.
Results. Elemental status of patients with hypertension is characterized by a low content of essential elements - Ca (482±31.2 mg/kg), Zn (164±12 mg/kg) and Mg (154±3.3 mg/kg), significantly higher content of Na (553±156 mg/kg) in the hair; decrease in concentration of Mg (0.64±0.04 mmol/l) and Ca (2.01±0.05 mmol/l), increase in Na (149±4 mmol/l) and Cl (119.4±2.8 mmol/l) levels in blood. Increased content of chloride in blood serum, boron in the hair, potassium and lead in the hair (in men), a low content of cobalt in the hair (in men) and zinc (in women) were found; compared with men, in women lower contents of sodium in the blood serum, potassium, aluminum, cadmium and lead in the hair, a higher content of calcium, magnesium, chromium, silicon, vanadium and strontium in the hair were registered; the most pronounced correlation was observed between anthropometric parameters and the level of the chemical elements in biological samples.
Conclusion. The result of assessing imbalance of the key elements in the blood is more informative than the data on selected elements, probably because the presence of any imbalance reflects either the complexity of the factor impact or the severity of the deficit or excess of one element, which caused shifts of microelement landscape as a whole.



Age- and gender-related features of indicators of protein growth factors and damage in acute coronary syndrome
Abstract
Aim. To analyze the pregnancy associated protein A and insulin-like growth factor 1 levels in blood plasma of patients with acute coronary syndrome and determination of gender- and age-related features of proteins values.
Methods. The study included 71 patients with acute coronary syndrome, including 47 men and 24 women. The control group consisted of 20 healthy people matched for age and sex, the comparison group - 40 patients with a diagnosis of «hypertension» and «chronic ischemic heart disease». Pregnancy-associated plasma protein A, and insulin-like growth factor 1 determination was performed.
Results. The concentration of a pregnancy-associated plasma protein A was higher in acute coronary syndrome compared with control and comparison groups. The content of insulin-like growth factor-1 in myocardial infarction is lower than in the comparison group. An increase in concentration of insulin-like growth factor 1 in unstable angina has no significant differences from the control and comparison groups. The highest levels of insulin-like growth factor-1 are registered in the comparison group, the lowest ones - in the subgroup with a fatal outcome. A statistically significant difference between the parameters in men and women was demonstrated in the groups with acute coronary syndrome and unstable angina for insulin-like growth factor 1, in the group with myocardial infarction - for a pregnancy-associated plasma protein A. Insulin-like growth factor 1 levels inversely correlated with age, which confirms reparative role of the protein.
Conclusion. Pregnancy-associated plasma protein A and insulin-like growth factor 1 are new highly sensitive biochemical markers of vascular inflammation and injury, their levels can be used to predict the instability of atherosclerotic plaque in acute coronary pathology and assessing the disease prognosis.



Clinical and immunological parallels in periprosthetic infection after total large joints arthroplasty
Abstract
Aim. To study peripheral blood lymphocytes and monocytes subpopulations and evaluate synthesis of serum autoantibodies in patients with periprosthetic infection after large joints arthroplasty.
Methods. The study included 40 patients with infectious and inflammatory complications that developed at different times after knee or hip arthroplasty. All patients were divided into three groups according to the Coventry-Fitzgerald-Tsukayama classification. The number of cells expressing the CD3, CD4, CD8, CD19, CD14, CD16 and CD56 antigens, the expression of the activation markers HLA-DR, CD25 on lymphocytes and monocytes, the number of peripheral blood CD4+CD45RA+, CD4+CDRO+ cells, and the level of serum antibodies to double-stranded deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and anti-neutrophil antibodies were evaluated.
Results. It is found that in acute development of infectious and inflammatory process in peripheral blood a significant increase in the number and functional activity of T-cells occur. For long-term low-grade infectious and inflammation process significant increase in the number of B-cells and memory T-cells, decrease in the number of naive T-cells are characteristic. Monocyte HLA-DR expression and the amount of B-lymphocytes correlate with the severity of inflammation. In seven patients elevated levels of antibodies to double-stranded DNA, in six - antineutrophil antibodies were revealed in blood serum.
Conclusion. The assessment of lymphocytes subpopulations and the monocyte HLA-DR expression can be used as additional laboratory criteria for the diagnosis of infectious and inflammatory processes after large joints arthroplasty; the role of autoantibodies to double stranded DNA and anti-neutrophil antibodies, which were found in some patients, remains unclear.



Textural characteristics of subchondral bone in osteoarthritis
Abstract
Aim. To assess the relationship between textural characteristics of the subchondral bone and standard X-ray data, to determine markers of subchondral bone remodeling in gonarthrosis.
Methods. The studied group included 92 patients aged 66.1±10.5 years with I-IV grades osteoarthritis by the Kellgren, in the comparison group - 24 volunteers aged 29.6±5.96 years without clinical or radiological signs of gonarthrosis. Standard digital X-ray of the knee joint was performed. On the image, the area of interest was chosen, including a portion of the subchondral bone of 48±2×90±4 pixels of size. According to the area texture, the gray-level histogram and 3D graph of the pixels intensity distribution in area were made.
Results. The distribution of individual pixel values relating to the average gray-level values showed an inverse correlation with the disease stage (r=-0.52, p=0.00004) and the presence of large osteophytes (r=-0.40, p=0.002). Extremum of 3D histogram minimum value directly correlated with radiographic stage of gonarthrosis (r=0.42, p=0.0009), patients’ age (r=0.33, p=0.01) and the osteophytes number (r=0.43, p=0.0007). This figure was higher in the group of patients with osteoarthritis (p=0.009) and significantly decreased with the disease progression (p=0.04).
Conclusion. For the first time the analysis of 3D surface reconstruction depending on the gray-level pixel values was used, which showed good characteristics on the distinguishing groups of patients with osteoarthritis, and comparability with standard radiographic protocol data; the best results demonstrated the minimum value at 3D histogram that had significant variation depending on the disease stage.



Quality assessment of orthodontic care for adolescents by developing individual dento-somatic profiles
Abstract
Aim. To study the effectiveness of the use of individual dento-somatic profiles at the stages of orthodontic treatment to improve the quality assessment of orthodontic intervention and compliance achievement between doctor and patient/parents.
Methods. The study involved 196 adolescents with dentoalveolar anomalies needing treatment with fixed appliances. The first group (main group) consisted of 108 patients aged 12-15 years with dentoalveolar anomalies amid the pathology of the upper gastrointestinal tract. The second group (comparison group) consisted of 86 adolescents with dentoalveolar anomalies without somatic pathology. Dento-somatic profiles with determining the factors influencing the effectiveness of orthodontic treatment were developed. Modeling of individual dento-somatic profiles was performed by means of integral coefficients.
Results. In the first group, individual dento-somatic profiles were visually demonstrated to the patients, where a sharp decrease in the level of hygiene was clearly presented. A professional cleaning, the constant use of individual oral care preparations, the use of medications to improve the local immunity in the oral cavity were recommended to them. After 3, 6 and 12 months, the level of hygiene in almost all of the first group adolescents (82.6%) improved to satisfactory values, statistically significantly increased «physician-parents» and «physician-patient» compliance. Indicators of the second group patients were by 2-2.3 times worse. With irregular medical follow-up pathological symptoms fixation, lack of understanding between parents, doctor and patient were revealed. Incompleteness of orthodontic treatment was equally dependent on both the financial difficulties and a lack of understanding of the problem importance on the part of parents and adolescents.
Conclusion. Using individual dento-somatic profiles proved to be effective in improving quality assessment of orthodontic intervention and compliance achievement between physician and patient/parents; misunderstanding of features of treatment with fixed appliances by parents and patients, orthodontist inability to provide quality medical management has a negative impact on the effectiveness and significantly increases the duration of orthodontic treatment.



Using argon plasma coagulation in the treatment of Barrett’s esophagus
Abstract
Aim. To improve the treatment results of patients with Barrett’s esophagus by using videoendosurgical technologies and the application of argon plasma coagulation.
Methods. Treatment results of 16 patients with Barrett’s esophagus who underwent endoscopic argon plasma coagulation of esophageal epithelium metaplasia foci are presented. Endoscopic studies protocols were based on the Prague criteria - the maximum extent of the flames (M) and the maximum extent of the circular segment of Barrett’s esophagus (C). Long segment Barrett’s esophagus prevailed in the majority of patients. Argon plasma coagulation was performed in FORCED mode (power of 30-32 watts with an argon flow of 2-2.2 L/min). For 1 session coagulation of the affected area of no more than 4 cm2 was performed.
Results. In the immediate postoperative period, complications of treatment were not observed. In 12 patients course of treatment with argon plasma coagulation was fully completed, repeated courses were administered depending on the segment length (1 patient required 1 session, 3 patients - 2 sessions, 2 - 3 sessions, 4 patients - 4 sessions, 2 patients - 5 sessions). Manipulation duration was about 5-7 minutes. In these patients, there was complete regression of metaplastic epithelium with its replacement by typical stratified squamous epithelium. 4 patients continue treatment.
Conclusion. Surgical treatment is indicated to all patients with Barrett’s esophagus, in the postoperative period - the use of endoscopic argon plasma coagulation, which should be performed in stages with 1-1.5 month intervals with obligatory endoscopic and histological control.



Sleep disorders features in vertebrogenic pain syndrome
Abstract
Aim. To assess the frequency and nature of disorders in patients with vertebrogenic pain syndrome.
Methods. Influence of such factors as age, gender and the nature of labor on sleep disorders in patients with vertebrogenic pain syndrome was determined. The sample consisted of 50 people, among whom were university students and patients of neurological departments of Kazan hospitals aged 20 to 80 years, with an equal ratio of men and women. A survey was conducted using questionnaires «Scoring subjective sleep characteristics», «Sleep apnea syndrome», «The Epworth Sleepiness Scale», «Sleep quality assessment», «Visual analogue scale».
Results. Among respondents aged 20-30 years, 15% have sleep disorders, 27% suffer from sleep apnea syndrome, and 15% have increased daytime sleepiness. In the category of 30-50 years, similar results were as follows 50, 25 and 17%, in those aged 50-80 years - 42, 50 and 42%, respectively. Most of the patients with sleep disorders are women and patients engaged in mental labor. Patients were distributed by pain intensity as follows: for persons in age group of 20-30 years incidence of mild, moderate and severe pain was 50, 39 and 11%, in persons of 30-50 years - 8, 59 and 33%, in patients of 50-80 years - 8, 33 and 59%, respectively.
Conclusion. A direct relationship between the severity of vertebrogenic pain syndrome and the presence of sleep disorders, increasing with the patients’ age, was revealed; frequency and systemic manifestations of sleep disorders (sleep apnea, daytime sleepiness, sleep disorders) increases with age; persons engaged in mental labor are more likely to have sleep disorders.



Effectiveness of structured educational programs in increasing adherence to CPAP therapy in patients with obstructive sleep apnea/hypopnea syndrome
Abstract
Aim. To study the effectiveness of a structured educational program in improving adherence to therapy with the creation of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) in patients with obstructive sleep apnea/hypopnea syndrome.
Methods. The study included 40 patients with moderate to severe obstructive sleep apnea/hypopnea syndrome, who received CPAP therapy. Patients were divided into two groups: the first group (main) - 20 patients who had undergone training according to a specially designed structured educational program, the second group (control) - 20 patients who had not received training. CPAP therapy was considered as effective in case of reducing the apnea-hypopnea index to less than 5 per hour of sleep, with an average duration of the machine use for the night was to be more than 5 hours.
Results. Using a structured educational program in patients of the main (first) group showed a good adherence of patients and the effectiveness of CPAP therapy. Positive dynamics of clinical symptoms, in particular a decrease in daytime sleepiness, assessed according to Epworth sleepiness scale (17.1±4.2 vs. 3.9±1.6; p=0,0000), was registered, the number of pauses in breathing during the night significantly reduced (44.37±14.6 vs. 2.86±3.5 per hour; p=0,0000), accompanied by improvement of night saturation parameters: SpO2min (58.4±9.0 vs. 78.0±9.3; p=0,0000), SpO2mean (87.2±6.8 vs. 93.1±3.5; p=0,0018). Against this background, after 3 months of therapy a decrease in body mass index and blood pressure was registered.
Conclusion. The implementation of a structured educational program showed increase in adherence and the effectiveness of therapy with the creation of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP therapy) in treating obstructive sleep apnea/hypopnea syndrome.



Interrelation between endogenous intoxication indicators and nitric oxide metabolites in the infectious process in chronic viral hepatitis C
Abstract
Aim. To study dynamics and interrelation between final nitric oxide metabolites (nitrites) and endogenous intoxication index (medium mass molecules) in patients with chronic hepatitis C with the effect of antiviral therapy on them.
Methods. The study included 99 patients with chronic hepatitis C. The combination therapy for 48 weeks in patients with genotype 1 chronic hepatitis C with pegylated interferon (peginterferon alfa-2a and alfa-2b) in combination with ribavirin and for 24 weeks with daily standard interferon alfa-2b administration in patients with virus genotypes 2 and 3 was conducted. The nitric oxide level was estimated by the content of the nearest metabolite (nitrite) in blood serum using the P.P. Golikov method. Medium mass molecules in the blood serum were determined by the N.I. Gabrielyan method.
Results.In patients with chronic hepatitis C high values of nitrogen oxide metabolites and the medium mass molecules in the blood serum were revealed, whereas the level of nitroxidemia and endogenous intoxication by the values of medium mass molecules was associated with the viral replicative capacity value and alanine aminotransferase serum levels. Amid the combination antiviral therapy the nature of nitroxidergy changed with the normalization of nitrogen oxide indicators by 24 weeks and an increase to 48 weeks of treatment. There were significantly positive correlative relations between pronouncement of levels of nitric oxide metabolites and the medium mass molecules before the start of antiviral therapy (R=0.292629, p
Conclusion. Chronic hepatitis C promotes increase in nitrite ion content and medium mass molecules in the blood serum, their level is associated with virus replication activity and cytolysis severity; antiviral therapy has an effect on the level of endogenous intoxication with the normalization of content of the nitrite ions and medium mass molecules in blood serum by 24th week of treatment.



Using bioresonance therapy in treatment of patients with hypothyroidism
Abstract
Aim. To evaluate the effectiveness of using bioresonance therapy in the treatment of patients with hypothyroidism.
Methods. Three matched groups of patients with acquired hypothyroidism consisting of 50 people aged 20 to 60 years (mean age 45.6 years) were included in a study. All patients were treated by the same conventional scheme of treatment of hypothyroidism: thyroid hormone replacement drugs. The main group, in addition to replacement therapy received bioresonance therapy. The second group (control) received only pharmacotherapy, the third group (placebo) received pharmacotherapy and simulation of bioresonance therapy procedures. Patients of the main group received 12 daily bioresonance therapy procedures using «Det Professional» device, consisting of two stages: the basic treatment stage and targeted therapy stage. 5 procedures of basic treatment and 7 procedures of targeted therapy were performed.
Results. After bioresonance therapy, free thyroxine fraction value in the main group significantly increased in comparison with the control group and the placebo group. Values of thyroid-stimulating hormone after the conducted therapy in the main group significantly decreased compared with the control group and the placebo group. The lipidogram results indicate that the content of high-density lipoproteins in the study group significantly increased compared with the control group and the placebo group. The concentrations of low-density lipoproteins, cholesterol and triglycerides in the main group became significantly lower than in the control group and the placebo group.
Conclusion. The obtained results give the evidence of the effectiveness of using bioresonance therapy in combined treatment of patients with hypothyroidism and in achieving stable remission of hypothyroidism.



Lateral differences of breast cancer proliferative activity (KI-67)
Abstract
Aim. To determine lateral differences of breast cancer proliferative activity Ki-67.
Methods. According to immunohistochemical study protocols analysis of material of 500 patients with breast cancer was conducted. In primary tumors estrogen and progesterone receptors expression, Ki-67, C-erbB-2 was studied.
Results.Using two-way analysis of variance, it was found that Ki-67 index was significantly influenced by both side of the tumor lesion (p=0.009) and age of patients (p=0.0002). A higher Ki-67 corresponded to right-sided cancer localization. Statistically significant age differences of Ki-67 index are marked only in right-sided cancer (p
Conclusion. Statistically significant difference of Ki-67 index in right- and left-sided breast cancer was found, significantly higher Ki-67 was detected in the right-sided tumors, Ki-67 are present only in patients before 60 years.



Predicting critical incidents development during elective surgery
Abstract
Aim. The evaluate the possibility of predicting critical incidents development during elective surgery using Duke University activities of daily living questionnaire, a six-minute walk test, cardiopulmonary exercise testing.
Methods. 36 patients who had undergone elective abdominal surgery were included in the study. To determine the functional state in preoperative period patients filled in Duke University activities of daily living questionnaire, performed a 6-minute walk test, cardiopulmonary exercise testing. Critical incidents analysis was conducted by E.A. Kazakova method (2005) at two stages: induction and maintenance of anesthesia. Using statistical methods the most informative indicators for predicting critical incidents were determined.
Results. Logistic regression analysis demonstrated that only the anaerobic threshold and 6-minute walk test significantly contributed to predicting critical incidents. At the same time, ROC-analysis demonstrated the predictive value of using only the anaerobic threshold to determine the likelihood of critical incidents. It was found that this indicator threshold value is 10.85 ml/kg per minute with 100% sensitivity and 95% specificity. It is also proved that the patients’ subjective assessment leads to an overestimation of their functional state.
Conclusion. Anaerobic threshold indicator determined by a cardiopulmonary exercise testing can be used as a criterion for predicting critical incidents development; reduction in the anaerobic threshold of less than 10.85 mL/kg per minute indicates the likelihood of critical incidents development with a high level of sensitivity and specificity.



Clinical and laboratory characteristics of hyperandrogenism in women on the background of hyperprolactinemia
Abstract
Aim. To determine the clinical and diagnostic features of hyperandrogenism on the background of hyperprolactinemia.
Methods. 68 women with hyperandrogenism on the background of hyperprolactinemia were examined. The study included defining features of menstrual function, assessment of hair growth according to Ferriman-Gallwey score, determining the frequency of past somatic and gynecological diseases, anthropometric indicators before and after the combination pathogenetic therapy, study of hormone levels.
Results. In women with hyperandrogenism, rate of isolated form of hyperprolactinemia was 39.7%, combined form - 60.3%. The causes of the «pure» form of hyperandrogenism in 51.85% is a idiopathic form of hyperprolactinemia, in 25.9% - the intracellular pituitary microadenoma, in 14.81% - drug-induced form of hyperprolactinemia, in 4.7% - «empty» sella syndrome. In combined form of hyperprolactinemia in 29.3% of patients, polycystic ovary syndrome and insulin resistance is determined, in 17% - polycystic ovary syndrome without insulin resistance, in 17% - obesity, in 14.63% - primary hypothyroidism. Patients underwent pathogenetic therapy, which was chosen individually depending on the type of hyperprolactinemia, and the presence of underlying diseases.
Conclusion. In combined form of hyperprolactinemia the most frequent types of comorbidity are polycystic ovary syndrome and insulin resistance, the most common form of «pure» hyperprolactinemia is idiopathic form; pathogenetic therapy significantly reduces prolactin and androgens values, improves basic anthropometric indicators of patients.



Influence of fluorinated and iodized salt on mineral composition of deciduous teeth formed in biogeochemical deficiency of fluoride and iodide
Abstract
Aim. To study the content of Ca, P, F and I in enamel and dentin composition of deciduous teeth, which are formed in fluoride and iodide deficiency, and its dynamics on the background of the 3-year consumption of fluorinated and iodized salt.
Methods. The mineral composition of the deciduous teeth enamel and dentin of 6-12 years old children, born and living in conditions of biogeochemical deficiency of fluoride (0.02-0.08 ppm F in water) and iodide (0.033-0.005 ppm I in water) before and after consumption of fluorinated and iodized salt containing sodium fluoride 300±50 ppm F and potassium iodate 40±10 ppm I was studied. The first phase of the study was conducted before inclusion of fluorinated-iodized salt in the diet of schoolchildren. Using X-ray microanalysis, macro- and microelements of 47 intact deciduous teeth were studied. The contents of the four elements (Ca, P, F, and I) in three layers of enamel (the surface layer, intermediate layer, at the enamel-dentin border) and in three layers of the dentine (the layer at the enamel-dentin border, a middle layer, circumpulpal layer). The second phase of a study on the mineral composition of the enamel and dentin was conducted 3 years after the beginning of fluorinated and iodized salt consumption. 51 deciduous intact tooth were investigated.
Results. 3-year consumption of table salt with the addition of sodium fluoride and potassium iodate has led to a significant increase in calcium, phosphorus in the enamel of the all teeth groups. The highest content of fluorine was registered in the molars where the level of fluorine increased by 2.08 times from baseline. The fluorine level in canines increased by 1.76 times from baseline, in incisors - by 1.69 times. The iodine content in the enamel increased approximately 2-fold (incisors - 1.77 times, canines - 1.89 times, molars - 1.85 times), in the dentin, depending on the teeth groups, increase in the studied parameter was by 3.12-3.51 times.
Conclusion. 3-year consumption of fluorinated and iodized salt containing sodium fluoride 300±50 ppm F and potassium iodate 40±10 ppm I stimulates increasing the content of Ca, P, F and I in the enamel and the dentin of deciduous teeth formed in fluoride and iodide deficiency.



Experimental medicine
Antioxidants capabilities in correction of gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity in experimental infection
Abstract
Aim. To assess the antioxidants effectiveness (ascorbic acid, methylethylpiridinol, N-acetylcysteine) in reducing the gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity in experimental infection caused by Escherichia coli or Klebsiella pneumoniae.
Methods. The experiment was divided into two parts. In the first part, the effect of antioxidants on the sensitivity of bacteria to gentamicin in vitro according to changing the optical density of the bacterial suspension, in the second part - nephroprotective activity of antioxidants and their effects on antibiotic activity in experimental bacterial peritonitis were evaluated.
Results. All antioxidants significantly reduce the sensitivity of E. coli to gentamicin in vitro, and the level of effect is directly proportional to the antioxidant concentration. Methylethylpiridinol has the most pronounced antagonistic action against gentamicin. It is found that methylethylpiridinol at a concentration of 4 mmol/l enhances development of Escherichia coli strain by 7 times by the 6th hour of incubation. Ascorbic acid and N-acetylcysteine have a similar probacterial activity profile. In the incubation mixtures containing a strain of Klebsiella pneumoniae, a similar pattern of increase in bacterial biomass optical density was observed with maximum values in the presence of the highest concentrations of antioxidants. In experimental infection, antioxidants reduce the activity of gentamicin against Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae, without reducing the antibiotic nephrotoxicity.
Conclusion. Ascorbic acid, methylethylpiridinol and N-acetylcysteine reduce the antibacterial activity of gentamicin against Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae in vitro and in vivo, in a dose of 80 mg/kg they do not reduce gentamicin nephrotoxicity in bacterial peritonitis in rats; their use in the course of treatment with gentamicin is not only irrational, but also contraindicated.



Morphological changes in the thymus of rats of reproductive period on the background of the immunosuppressant cyclophosphamide administration
Abstract
Aim. To study the features of morphological changes of the thymus gland (thymus) of reproductive period rats amid the administration of the immunosuppressant cyclophosphamide.
Methods. Thymus preparations were studied using an image analyzer based on CX-41 Olympus microscope. The morphological and functional areas of the thymus were determined relative areas (as a percentage) occupied by subcapsular, inner cortical zones of the cortex and thymic lobules medulla; cells distribution density, the percentage of cellular elements: lymphoblasts, small, medium and large lymphocytes, macrophages, mitotically dividing, destructively altered cells epithelioreticulocytes.
Results. A statistically significant reduction in the relative area of subcapsular and inner cortical zones of the cortex, as well as an increase in this parameter in the thymic medullary parenchyma after 1-30 days after administration of cyclophosphamide were found. The cell density is reduced both in the cortex and in the medulla. Cytoarchitectonics of the thymus morphological and functional zones changes: a decrease in relative content of lymphocytes, mainly of young forms, as well as increase in the percentage of macrophages and destructively altered cells occurred. Maximum deviations of studied parameters was recorded after 1 and 7 days after drug administration. In 60 days after cytostatic administration morphometric characteristics of the thymus morphological and functional zones in laboratory rats do not have significant differences from the parameters in control animals of appropriate age.
Conclusion. A single administration of cyclophosphamide leads to acute thymic involution, which is manifested in a decrease in the relative area of the cortex, lobules deformation, organ fatty degeneration, decrease in the relative content of lymphocytes, increase in the percentage of macrophages and destructively modified cells, which may be indicative of a high degree of reactivity of the animals thymus; results of the study may serve as morphologic evidence of the damaging effect of cyclophosphamide on the thymus lymphoid tissue.



Morphometric justification of osteosynthesis using implants coated with titanium and hafnium nitrides
Abstract
Aim. To perform comparative and morphological assessment of the reparative processes in the bone and the surrounding soft tissues during intramedullary osteosynthesis using stainless steel implants and titanium nitride coated stainless steel implants.
Methods. 40 rabbits who underwent open tibial osteotomy followed by retrograde insertion of the implant into the medullary canal served as an experimental model. 2 mm diameter nails of 12X18H9T steel coated with titanium and hafnium nitrides were used. In the control group, similar nails without coating were used. Histological sections of bone fragments and postoperative wounds, which were taken for morphological study on the 10th, 30th, 60th and 180th day from the beginning of the experiment, were stained with hematoxylin and eosin and with picrofuchsin by Van-Gieson method.
Results.The percentage of leukocyte-necrotic masses on the 10th day was 3.5±0.2% in the experimental group and 6.0±0.4% in the comparison group (p
Conclusion. Osteosynthesis using nails coated with titanium and hafnium nitrides contributes to reduction of the inflammatory response in the surrounding tissues, accelerates the process of reparative regeneration, providing an earlier wound epithelialization and reducing the likelihood of complications development such as incomplete closure of bone defect.



Reviews
Testicular abscess
Abstract



Mechanisms of development of cardiovascular diseases in age-related disorders of the nervous system
Abstract



Social hygiene and healthcare management
Analysis of incidence and disability of adult population due to malignant neoplasms in the Republic of Bashkortostan
Abstract
Aim. To study the state of the primary incidence and disability due to malignant neoplasms in the Republic of Bashkortostan and their structures.
Methods. The comparative analysis of the primary incidence and disability rates due to malignant neoplasms among the adult population of the Republic of Bashkortostan for the period 2010-2014 was performed. The state of the primary incidence taking into account gender and place of residence was studied. The structure of primary disability of adult population taking into account age and degree of disability was analyzed.
Results. Over the period 2010-2014 in the Republic of Bashkortostan a statistically significant reduction of primary incidence among the population and increase in the primary incidence due to malignant neoplasms by 14.6% was observed. The incidence is higher among urban residents than among rural population, in men it is higher than that in women. On average, one in four, who is recognized as disabled, suffers from malignancy. In the structure of disability of people suffering from malignant neoplasms, II degree of disability prevails. The reliable increase in the level of primary III degree disability due to malignant neoplasms is registered over time. The rate of disability caused by malignancy among people of retirement age is higher than among working-age people.
Conclusion. The given data are indicative of the need to strengthen the strategy of primary prevention of malignant neoplasms.



Mortality rates due to diseases of the circulatory system in Karachay-Cherkess republic in 2006 and 2014
Abstract
Aim. To study mortality rates due to diseases of the circulatory system and certain nosological forms in Karachay-Cherkess Republic in 2006 and 2014.
Methods. The data of the Russian Federation Federal State Statistics Service on the number of deaths according to a short nomenclature of causes of deaths were analyzed. The nosological structure was studied, proportion of each of the causes of death in the total number of deaths from circulatory system diseases was defined. The names of groups of short nomenclature of causes of deaths in 2006 and 2014 were compared. Non-standardized and standardized mortality rates were calculated.
Results. Standardized mortality rate due to circulatory diseases decreased by 29.3% in 2014 in comparison with 2006. The decline in mortality due to circulatory system diseases was noted in all age groups, except for the age group 25-29 years (+18.5%) and 60-64 years (+4.2%). Deaths due to primary and recurrent myocardial infarction decreased (by 46.2%) in all age groups except the age of 40-44 years and 80-84 years, in which the mortality rate due to primary and recurrent myocardial infarction increased by 12.5 and 49.4%, respectively. The mortality from ischemic heart disease increased in age 35-39 years (by 11.3%) and 40-44 years (39.4%). In other age groups, the mortality from ischemic heart disease decreased, the maximum reduction was reported in age 65-69 years (54.8%). Standardized mortality rate due to cerebrovascular diseases decreased by 44.06% in 2014 in comparison with 2006.
Conclusion. Taking into account significant contribution to the mortality structure due to circulatory system diseases number of deaths, causes of which are not clearly classified and cause problems with clinical interpretation, this issue requires attention of cardiologists, in terms of both health care delivery and specification of the patients’ health status.



Prevalence of metabolic syndrome and its components among working-age residents of the Kyrgyz Republic
Abstract
Aim. To study of the prevalence of the metabolic syndrome and its components among residents of the Kyrgyz Republic.
Methods. This study was conducted within the framework of the international «INTEREPID» project, in which, in addition to Kyrgyzstan, the Russian Federation and Kazakhstan participated. Study type is cross-sectional epidemiological study. A cohort was formed randomly, consisting of 1672 people, representative of sex and age structure of the population. In addition to completing the questionnaire, we performed the following examinations: estimation of height, body weight and waist size, measurement of blood pressure and heart rate, electrocardiogram, as well as the determination of a number of biochemical parameters: sugar and creatinine levels in blood and lipid profile (low density lipoproteins, high density lipoproteins and triglycerides levels).
Results.Among the residents of the Kyrgyz Republic the prevalence of metabolic syndrome was 30.9% with predominance of its occurrence among women (33.3% vs. 27.7% in men, p
Conclusion. Among the residents of the Kyrgyz Republic the high prevalence of the metabolic syndrome was registered with certain gender and ethnic features of its components occurrence.



Comprehensive assessment of morbidity, temporary and permanent disability, mortality of railwaymen
Abstract
Aim. To study morbidity, temporary and permanent disability and mortality among railway workers.
Methods. The incidence and overall morbidity was studied based on information about the final diagnosis in statistical coupons and outpatient medical records by continuous coverage for the period of 2005-2014. Based on the analysis of the documents of all persons who underwent examination in the medical and social commissions for the period of 2007-2012, the primary disability was investigated. Temporary disability was analyzed for the period of 2006-2014 using all sick leaves, provided for payment in the accounting department of the railway system. Analysis of the mortality rate and causes of death was conducted by the continuous study of the medical certificates of cause of death for 2005-2010. We analyzed 336 death certificates, as well as the appropriate number of outpatient medical records and case histories.
Results. Among the overall morbidity, the leading place belongs to the digestive system diseases with the variations in morbidity rates from 259.4±2.1‰ to 299.5±2.4‰. Among the disability causes of railway workers, diseases of the cardiovascular system are on the leading place, which accounted for 50.2±3.2% of all cases of primary disability. Total mortality rate varied from 2.35±0.29‰ (2008) up to 1.58±0.24‰ (2010).
Conclusion. In the structure of disease incidence of railway workers digestive system diseases prevail, it distinguishes this contingent from the Azerbaijan working age population, which is characterized by the predominance of respiratory diseases; disability rate is higher in women than in men (68.0±20.4 and 32.1±6.8 to 10 thousand respectively).



Anthropometric features of physical development of modern metropolis schoolchildren
Abstract
Aim. To define characteristics of growth and development of children and adolescents of school age in the city of Samara.
Methods. Measurements of anthropometric parameters of 2617 children aged 7-17 years, of which 1397 children studied in general educational institutions of Samara, 1220 schoolchildren - in the regional centers of the Samara region, were performed. The obtained values of anthropometric parameters of physical development of schoolchildren in Samara were compared with the study results of the appropriate age and sex groups of children and adolescents living in the Samara region.
Results. Children of the regional capital and district centers come to school with virtually the same anthropometric parameters. Due to the inhomogeneous influence of conditions and nature of education, nutrition, motor activity indicators of physical development in the educative process acquire significant differences. The height of the city of Samara boys aged 7-15 years is lower than height of peers living in the Samara region (p ˂0.01). Body weight in girls to 9 years, and in boys since 7 years of age is less than in their peers who live in the district centers of the Samara region (p ˂0.05). The chest circumference of the Samara schoolchildren is significantly less than that of their peers of the Samara region in the age groups of 7-14 years in boys and 8-14 years in girls. Waist circumference of Samara boys in the age groups of 7-11 and 13 years and in girls aged 10-14 years is significantly less than that of the Samara region children. Hip circumference of the Samara schoolchildren in junior (7-10 years) and middle (11-14 years) school grades is less than in children of Samara region (p ˂0.05).
Conclusion. Revealed differences in anthropometric parameters of children of the city of Samara and Samara region demonstrate the need to develop regional standards to evaluate the physical development of children and adolescents of big cities and rural areas.



Prevalence and compatibility of high risk factors of perinatal losses in the cities of Azerbaijan
Abstract
Aim. To conduct a comparative assessment of the prevalence and compatibility of high risk factors of perinatal losses in various cities of Azerbaijan.
Methods. The study was conducted by continuous coverage of all cases of completed pregnancies at gestational age after 12 full weeks. The women were divided into groups according to age, the counting number of pregnancy and childbirth, birth-spacing interval. Sample size was 6544 cases in the city Sumgait, 4930 in the city of Ganja, in the city of Shirvan 2066.
Results.In the city of Sumgait, the proportion of childbirths before the age of 18 years was 0.3±0.07%. In Ganja, this figure was higher by more than 19 times (5.9±0.34%). In the provincial city of Shirvan, proportion of childbirths before the age of 18 years (13.0±0.74%) was higher by more than 43 times in comparison with Sumgait, and 2.2 times more than in Ganja. 5.0±0.27% of childbirths in Sumgait, 6.8±0.36% in Ganja and 7.7±0.59% in Shirvan were registered in women older than 34 years. The differences in indicators between Sumgait and Ganja, Sumgait and Shirvan are statistically significant (p
Conclusion. The compatibility and prevalence of the high risk factors of perinatal losses have regional characteristics that should be considered when planning preventive measures and monitoring.



Discussions
Preeclampsia - abdominal hypertension syndrome in pregnancy. whether a hypothesis will become a theory?
Abstract



Clinical experiences
Preoperative planning of hip joint arthroplasty in terminal stage degenerative diseases in adolescents
Abstract



Experience of treatment of purulent wounds using ozonated solutions and decamethoxin solution
Abstract
Aim. To evaluate the effectiveness of using ozonated solutions combined with decamethoxin solution in the treatment of purulent wounds.
Methods. 101 patients with purulent wounds were under observation. In the treatment of all patients, the first stage was surgical debridement, which removes exudate and non-viable tissue. Also the conditions for wound drainage and good drainage of wound exudate were created, and then the treatment of wounds under a bandage was performed. In the main group (51 people) in addition to the basic treatment ozonated 0.9% sodium chloride solution with a concentration of ozone 8-10 μg/mL and 0.02% decamethoxin solution were used. The general condition of patients and the wound condition were evaluated over time.
Results. The duration of fever and pain syndrome did not differ in the groups. A statistically significant difference between groups in the terms of symptoms disappearance and wounds healing was found, indicating the advantages of using the decamethoxin solution in combination with ozonated 0.9% sodium chloride solution in treatment of purulent wounds. The length of stay in hospital statistically significantly decreased compared to the control group. Positive dynamics was observed on the wounds cytology: starting from 3 days of treatment in the main group neutrophil count decreased, number of lymphocytes and polyblasts increased. With the increase in terms from the beginning of the treatment, there was even greater reduction in the number of neutrophils, the increase in the number of lymphocytes and the appearance of macrophages and fibroblasts.
Conclusion. The study results demonstrated the benefits of using combination of ozonated solutions with decametoxine solution in the treatment of purulent wounds; method is available to any surgical wards and outpatient clinics.



Ultrasound elastography capabilities in studying uterine cerviх state in pregnant women of high-risk group in the first trimester of pregnancy
Abstract
Aim. To study capabilities of quantitative elastographic study to assess the elasticity of the uterine cervix in women with a fetal chromosomal abnormality in the first trimester of pregnancy.
Methods. 230 pregnant women of high-risk group at 11-13.6 weeks of pregnancy (parietal-coccygeal length 45-84 mm) were included in this study. The first group consisted of 213 women without fetal pathology. The second group included 17 women, in whose fetuses different chromosomal abnormalities were detected. In ultrasound examination of pregnant women in the I trimester of pregnancy, in addition to standard methods of examination, quantitative cervical elastography was performed.
Results. According to results of quantitative elastography in 14 (82.35%) out of 17 pregnant women (second group) one or another degree of the cervical tissue softening was found, and 3 (17.64%) pregnant women with fetal chromosomal pathology had stiff cervix (all 3 cases with Down syndrome). In the control group in 10 (4.7%) of 213 pregnant women relatively soft cervix was identified, and in 203 (95.3%) women cervical density was higher than the myometrial density. A statistically significant difference between the indices of SWE-Ratio in groups was revealed. Quantitative elastography, as a diagnostic test predicting the risk of miscarriage due to chromosomal abnormalities, has a high sensitivity (84.38%) and even higher specificity (95.26%) of negative predictive value 97.57%.
Conclusion. Quantitative elastography reveals a significant decrease in the cervical elasticity (softening) in pregnant women with fetal chromosomal abnormality in the I trimester of pregnancy, which allows us to recommend this method of ultrasound examination as an additional marker for early diagnosis of miscarriage due to fetal chromosomal abnormality.



Conferences
«Dokazatel'naya meditsina: dostizheniya i bar'ery (QiQUM 2015)». Mezhdunarodnaya konferentsiya, Kazan'



Obituary
Dotsent Vasiliy Yakovlevich Davydov


