Vol 60, No 1 (1979)
Theoretical and clinical medicine
Changes in the cholinergic system in patients with infectious-allergic bronchial asthma
Abstract
The data on the study of the level of free acetylcholine and the activity of true and false blood cholinesterase in 62 patients with bronchial asthma and in 20 healthy individuals are presented. It has been established that the changes revealed in the cholinergic system in patients with infectious-allergic bronchial asthma make it possible to distinguish forms of the disease with a leading cholinergic link, special in terms of pathogenesis.
1-3
Modern electroradiography in the diagnosis of lung disease
Abstract
Based on the study of electro-roentgenograms and electro-roentgenograms of patients with various respiratory diseases and comparing them with film roentgenograms, a description of the norm of the electro-roentgenographic picture and roentgenosemiotics in lung diseases is given, which are grouped into two groups - large and small roentgenological signs. Possibilities and ways of using electroradiography in the diagnosis of lung diseases are indicated.
3-8
Modern methods of treating bronchial asthma
Abstract
A detailed examination of 90 randomly taken patients with bronchial asthma confirmed the presence of variants of the course: atopy, infectious allergy, immunopathological mechanisms, hormonal disorders, adrenergic imbalance of target cells of the bronchial tree, disorders in the neuropsychic sphere. Complexes of therapeutic effects are proposed in accordance with the leading mechanism of pathogenesis.
8-13
Specific therapy for atopic bronchial asthma
Abstract
14-16
Nst-test in the diagnosis of bacterial complications of acute respiratory viral diseases in children
Abstract
The results of the NBT-test in 56 patients with acute respiratory viral infections are presented. The control group consisted of 18 patients with bacterial infections and 15 healthy children. In the uncomplicated course of acute respiratory viral diseases (ARVD), the indicators of the NBT test did not differ from those of healthy children. With a complicated course of ARVD and bacterial infection; In the acute period, a sharp increase in the number of NBT-reducing neutrophils was noted. After treatment, the indices of the NBT-test in patients with complicated forms of ARVD and bacterial infection reached the indices of healthy children.
16-18
On the study of the functional characteristics of pulmonary respiration and gas exchange during pregnancy
Abstract
The indicators of the general ventilation-perfusion irregularity of the lungs, gas exchange and pulmonary respiration were studied in 42 women during physiological pregnancy. A decrease in the unevenness of ventilation and blood flow in the lungs with the development of pregnancy was found, which leads to alveolar hyperventilation without significant changes in the dynamic parameters of external respiration, an increase in PO2 of alveolar gas and arterial blood, and hypocapnia.
18-21
Pulmonary tuberculosis not recognized before surgery
Abstract
1721 case histories of those operated on for various lung diseases were analyzed. Of these, 38 were histologically diagnosed with tuberculosis with other diagnoses before surgery. It was found that the reason for the diagnostic errors in 13 persons was the difficulty of differential diagnosis. In the remaining 25 patients, errors were associated with insufficient knowledge of the characteristics of the course of tuberculosis in modern conditions.
21-25
Clinical tolerance and metabolism of isoniazid in persons over 50 years of age
Abstract
A study of the rate of inactivation of isoniazid in the body of patients of different ages found a slightly higher frequency of strong inactivation and a slightly lower amount of acetylation of the drug in persons over 50 years of age and in young men. The frequency of side effects of medium fractional doses of isoniazid in patients over 50 years old was the same as in middle-aged people. The elderly tolerated high fractional and single doses of the drug significantly worse.
25-28
On the causes and treatment of recurrent tuberculosis of the respiratory system
Abstract
29-31
Renal-cortical index in pyelonephritis and its X-ray anatomical check
Abstract
The reliability of the methods for determining the renal-cortical index (RCI) according to Vuorinen and V. Yu. Bosin was assessed by comparing them with volumetric RCT and RCT obtained by calculating the areas after transferring the image of the kidney and its' calyx-pelvic system on graph paper. 41 cadaveric kidneys of children and adults were examined. RCT according to V. Yu. Bosin was determined in 327 children with pyelonephritis. It was found that in 2/3 children with pyelonephritis, RCT is different from the norm; RCT in children and adults is of the same magnitude; RCT according to V. Yu. Bosin accurately reflects the ratio of the areas and volumes of the calyx-pelvic system and the kidney, which proves its high diagnostic value; Due to the low accuracy in reflecting the ratio of volumes, RCT according to Vuorinen can be used only as an approximate method.
32-34
Changes in the rheological properties of blood in acute alcohol and chlorophos poisoning
Abstract
Hemocoagulation and blood viscosity in acute alcohol poisoning in individuals who do not suffer from and suffer from chronic alcoholism have been investigated. Both in the I and in the II group of patients, hemocoagulation was inhibited. In patients with severe and moderate acute chlorophos poisoning, the thromboelastogram indices indicated hypercoagulability. In patients with acute chlorophos poisoning of mild and moderate severity against the background of mild alcohol intoxication, suffering from chronic alcoholism, thromboelastogram indices indicated hypocoagulation. The blood viscosity in all the patients under study was increased upon admission to the clinic, and it returned to normal during treatment.
34-36
Histamine in the blood of patients during operations under epidural anesthesia
Abstract
The content of histamine in venous blood in 59 patients was investigated during surgical treatment under epidural anesthesia on organs and tissues below the diaphragm. The concentration of histamine was the same in the blood in the blockade zone and outside it at all stages of the study. In the preoperative period, all patients had a higher histamine content than donors. A further increase in its concentration was observed after the transfer of patients to the operating room and, especially, after the epidural puncture, before the operation. During the operating period, the concentration of histamine decreased slightly, which is explained by the adequate analgesia achieved by the epidural block.
36-37
Hydrostatic factors in the pathogenesis of glaucomatous optic nerve atrophy
Abstract
The hydrostatic pressure on the main intraocular structures, and in particular on the retina, is small and almost does not depend on the level of ophthalmotonus. Only in the area of the optic nerve head, hydrostatic pressure is proportional to the magnitude of the ophthalmotonus and, therefore, sharply increases in glaucoma.
38-40
The functional state of the uterus and fetal motor reactions during labor pain relief with methoxyflurane
Abstract
With the onset of autoanalgesia with methoxyflurane, the tone and contractility of the uterine body increase with a simultaneous decrease in the activity of the lower uterine segment. The coordinating effect of methoxyflurane is especially pronounced in prenatal rupture of amniotic fluid. In all clinical observations, methoxyflurane caused an increase in the impedance of uterine tissues and an increase in fetal motor activity.
41-44
Correlation between serotonin levels and blood gases, acid-base balance, hemodynamics in pregnant women with cardiovascular pathology
Abstract
The correlation relationships established in pregnant women with cardiovascular pathology between the level of serotonin, blood gases, acid-base balance and the functional state of hemodynamics suggest that the effect of serotonin depends on the state of acid-base balance and saturation of blood gases with oxygen.
44-46
To the diagnosis and treatment of endometrial hyperplastic condition
Abstract
In 110 patients with recurrent uterine bleeding, various aspects of the pathogenesis, clinical picture and therapy of endometrial hyperplastic conditions were studied. Tests are given for the timely detection of background and precancerous conditions of the endometrium, which predetermine the operative or conservative treatment tactics.
46-48
Regressive form of cystic drift
Abstract
48-50
Assistance to the practicing physician
Associated thoracoabdominal injuries and injuries
Abstract
The frequency of thoraco-abdominal wounds in peacetime, according to a number of authors, ranges from 36 to 57% of penetrating chest wounds. The percentage of diagnostic errors varies from 33.3 to 80 [1, 2]. From 1966 to 1977 in the surgical, traumatological and neurosurgical departments of the 15th hospital in Kazan, more than 9000 victims with various injuries were observed, including 866 people with concomitant injuries. Of the total number of victims, there were 118 people with trauma to the chest and its organs.
50-51
To X-ray anatomical characterization of injuries of articular and other isolated elements of the spine
Abstract
The results of X-ray examination of 208 patients (164 men, 44 women) with injuries of the arches, articular processes and intervertebral discs with detailed X-ray anatomical characteristics of these sections were analyzed. Along with the usual X-ray research methods, oblique 3/4 spine images, lateposition images, and tomograms were used. The use of modern methods of X-ray examination and knowledge of X-ray anatomy made it possible to skillfully diagnose damage to the arches, articular processes and intervertebral discs, which is of clinical importance, since there is not always a parallelism between the subjective complaints of the victim, the objective data of his study and the true severity of the anatomical damage to the constituent elements of the spine.
52-55
Clinical experiences
55-56
56-56
56-57
Disorders of biogenic amine metabolism in experimental pancreatitis and its therapy
Abstract
Based on the study of the pathophysiology of neurohumoral processes, an attempt was made to propose a method of therapy aimed at reducing the acute period of inflammation in the pancreas. Acute pancreatitis was induced by cooling the pancreas in PO rats with chloroethyl.
57-58
Influence of pyrimidine derivatives on some parameters of lipid metabolism in children with acute appendicitis
Abstract
58-59
Activity of some hydrolytic and respiratory enzymes of the placenta in late toxicosis of pregnant women
Abstract
59-59
Social hygiene and healthcare management
Some social and hygienic aspects of the incidence of acute respiratory infections in newborns
Abstract
Using multivariate analysis of variance, the reliability of the influence of a number of biological and socio-hygienic factors on the occurrence of acute respiratory diseases in newborns was studied. The prevailing conditions were unsatisfactory living conditions, chronic extragenital and acute respiratory diseases in the mother. The data obtained make it possible to single out the groups of children most susceptible to acute respiratory infections, which must be taken into account during dispensary observation of them.
60-62
Respiratory system morbidity with temporary disability of collective farmers
Abstract
The collective farmers have 5 collective farms of the Almetyevsk region of the TASSR, whose work contained factors unfavorable for the respiratory organs (meteorological, dust, gas), the incidence of respiratory organs according to the data of temporary disability for 1973-1976. ranked first in cases and second in days per 100 employees. The highest morbidity of the respiratory system was noted among livestock breeders and machine operators, with machine operators more often suffering from colds of the upper respiratory tract and bronchitis, and livestock breeders - pneumonia. To reduce the incidence of respiratory organs, it is necessary to eliminate factors unfavorable for the respiratory organs and to undergo continuous medical examination of machine operators and livestock breeders.
62-65
Hygiene
Perceptual disturbances in persons working in the absence of illumination
Abstract
The results of clinical and psychopathological examination of 69 persons working in the absence of illumination are presented. Two groups of disturbances in the sphere of perception are identified and described. One group is presented in the form of visual, auditory, tactile illusions and hallucinations. The second group of symptoms is manifested by psychosensory and optical-vestibular disorders, found in individuals with signs of mild organic brain failure, which was revealed in the absence of illumination. The data obtained should be taken into account in professional selection.
65-68
History of medicine
69-70
Jubilees
70-71
Professor Mukhamet Khairutdinovich Vakhitov
Abstract
November 10, 1978 marked the 60th anniversary of the birth of the Honored Scientist of the TASSR, Head of the Department of Social Hygiene and Health Organization of the Kazan Medical Institute, Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor Mukhamet Khairutdinovits Vakhitov.
72-72
Professor Zainab Shaikhievna Gilyazutdinova
Abstract
October 29, 1978 marked the 60th anniversary of the birth of the Honored Scientist of the TASSR, Head of the 2nd Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of the Kazan State Pedagogical University named after IN AND. Lenin professor Zainab Shaikhievna Gilyazutdinova
73-73
74-75
Book review
75-76
Discussions
About the graphic representation of the results of measurement of intragastric pH by electrometric method
Abstract
Before statistical processing of the results of studies of intragastric pH-metry, there is no need to recalculate from pH to [H +] and vice versa, as this is contrary to the practice of potentiometry. Since, with the exception of ultra-acidic environments, the negative decimal logarithm gives a positive number, the graph is built, according to the canons of mathematics, in the 1st quadrant, and not in the 4th.
76-78
To the editorial office of the "Kazan Medical Journal"
Abstract
Materials of the article by S. G. Vainshtein "On the graphic representation of the results of measuring intragastric pH and the method of their statistical processing" ("Kazan Med. Zh.", 1977, No. 4, p. 52), as well as the response to it by FR Verzhbitsky and Ya. S. Zimmerman "To the question of the graphic representation of the results of measurement of intragastric pH by electrometric method" require some attention to the discussion between the authors mentioned.
78-79
Once again about the method of statistical processing of intracavitary pH-metry data
Abstract
It would seem, judging by the response to my article, Assoc. FR Verzhbitsky and prof. Ya. S. Zimmerman, what to argue about? The postulates of physical chemistry concerning the essence and methods of measuring the pH value do not need to be revised. However, when it comes to biological objects, there is a reason for reflection (see the article by Prof. G. A. Dobrenkov and Assoc. V. A. Golovin).
79-80
Chronicles
80-80