Vol 65, No 6 (1984)

The problem of pathology of newborns is one of the most urgent in pediatrics. According to statistics from various countries, neonatal diseases occupy one of the first places in the structure of child mortality, therefore their prevention is extremely important in reducing child mortality. In our country, much attention is paid to the antenatal protection of the fetus, the prevention of diseases of newborns, improving the quality of care for newborns and premature babies, which leads to a decrease in their morbidity and mortality. As a result of the measures taken to organize specialized medical care for pregnant women, newborns and children of the first year of life, child mortality in Tatarstan has significantly decreased over the years IX, X and current five-year plans. Further improvement of the quality of medical care for pregnant women in the conditions of a women's consultation, the detection of pathology in the early stages of pregnancy, the provision of highly qualified assistance in a maternity hospital, the creation of optimal conditions for the care of newborns at all stages of their care are one of the main reserves for reducing infant mortality.

The occurrence of a shock-like state in connection with an infectious disease was first reported by Laennek in 1831. More specifically, this relationship was established in 1899 [46]. The absence of a noticeable decrease in the frequency of recorded endotoxin shock in humans is due to a number of factors, the most important among which are the following: a) improvement in the diagnosis of endotoxin shock, made possible by the use of sophisticated diagnostic equipment; b) familiarity of specialists of various profiles with this nosological form; c) an increase in the life expectancy of patients with severe pathology and a decrease in general and immunological reactivity; d) the use of immunosuppressants and cytostatic drugs for allergies, malignant neoplasms, which facilitates the development of infectious pathology; e) frequent obstetric pathology, accompanied by the birth of children with reduced resistance; f) widespread use of antibiotic therapy, leading to the emergence of antibiotic-resistant microbes; it should also be noted here that when treating septic foci and infectious diseases with antibiotics, there is a danger of massive entry into the bloodstream of endotoxins released from dead microorganisms; g) carrying out complex diagnostic manipulations and surgical operations that open the entrance gates for infection.

According to world statistics, severe mechanical injuries rank third among the causes of death, and in the group of people younger than 45 years — the first. 2.5% of all injuries are accompanied by shock, and one in four of the victims dies. In this regard, the problem of traumatic shock occupies one of the prominent places in medicine, and research in this area is gaining more and more scope and depth every year. One of the insufficiently studied aspects of this problem is the issue of the prevention of traumatic shock. This determines the urgent need to develop schemes for providing first medical and qualified assistance to victims.

The method of hemosorption is based on the ability of activated carbon and ion-exchange resins to completely remove from the blood or reduce the concentration of exogenous toxins and toxic metabolites accumulated in various pathological conditions.

Modern pharmacotherapy of chronic coronary heart disease (HIBS) is based on the use of two main groups of drugs — nitrates and beta-blockers. The effectiveness of other drugs in the complex treatment of this disease is being reviewed and constantly debated [1, 2]. The treatment of HIBS, combined with bradycardia, circulatory insufficiency, bronchospastic conditions, intolerance or contraindications to the use of nitrates and beta-blockers, is a great difficulty.

The undulating course of chronic destructive pulmonary tuberculosis usually leads to the formation of pneumosclerosis, against which a chronic nonspecific infection develops. Manifestations of the latter often become leading in the clinical course of the disease, complicate the diagnosis of exacerbations of a specific process [4, 6, 8] and reduce the ability to work of patients [2J.

According to literature data, inflammatory diseases of tuberculous etiology of the genital sphere in women are often observed [3, 5]: 15-20% of infertile women [4] and 8.6% of patients with menstrual dysfunction [2]. Over the past decade, the clinical picture of this disease has changed. Latent forms prevail, which are characterized by the duration of the course, lead to a violation of various functions of the female body and, above all, to persistent infertility, sometimes to disability and disability. Diagnosis of the disease is especially difficult when the fallopian tubes are affected. In this regard, hysterosalpingography, bicontrast gynecography, an overview image of the abdominal cavity to determine calcifications in the lymph nodes of the pelvis and appendages of the uterus turned out to be very valuable methods for detecting tuberculous lesions of the genitals of a woman.

Benign ovarian tumors occur mainly at a young age. Their timely removal serves as an effective prevention of ovarian cancer. There are few works devoted to the study of the reproductive function of women after conservative ovarian surgery. Research by N. I. Egorova (1966) suggests that the removal of one ovary is not indifferent to a woman's body, it can cause disorders of neuroendocrine regulation with violation of menstrual and reproductive functions. Other authors also point to the need for maximum conservatism in ovarian surgery for benign tumors and tumor-like formations in women of reproductive age [2, 3].

Treatment of intra-articular fractures is a complex problem. When choosing a treatment method, one should proceed from the severity of the injury, age, gender of the victim, etc. Studies show that post-traumatic changes in the joint are associated with disorders in the macro- and microcirculation system [1]. Dynamic observation of changes in regional microcirculation, carried out by us using the method of radiocirculography, allowed us to establish a relationship between the severity of the injury of the elbow joint, the type of injury and the method of treatment.

The question of the scope of surgical intervention in common forms of stomach cancer remains complex, controversial and unresolved. There is a lively discussion in the literature between specialists who adhere to extreme points of view. As the methods of preoperative preparation, anesthesia, surgical techniques and postoperative management of patients with gastric cancer are improved, combined gastrectomies are increasingly used. According to V. N. Sagaidak (1969), in inoperable stomach cancers, true tumor ingrowth into distant neighboring organs was found only in 50% of patients. According to Nicolosi (1971), extended radical intervention is justified in gastric cancer complicated by ascites, peritoneal dissemination, jaundice, liver metastases, Krukenberg tumor, cancer ingrowth into the colon and into the anterior abdominal wall. The life of such patients can be prolonged, according to the author, risky, "crippling" operations.

Meningococcal infection has several clinical forms that manifest themselves independently or in combination. The most life-threatening are generalized forms of the disease that occur when meningococcus overcomes the protective barrier of the nasopharynx and enters the bloodstream.

Treatment of open injuries of fingers and hands remains an urgent problem of traumatology.

Analyzing materials on disability caused by injuries, according to the city of Saransk from 1970 to 1980, we found that, despite fluctuations in the intensive indicators of primary disability for individual years, there is a distinct tendency to increase them.

When plasticizing the ligaments of the knee joint in order to form a single ring-shaped ligament from dacron tape, we sew its ends together, forming a closed system. This technique is used by us for simultaneous restoration of the cruciate and lateral ligaments of the knee joint. Access to the joint is carried out by an internal or external parapatellar incision. In the formation of the anterior cruciate and internal lateral ligaments (em. fig.) lavsan tape is carried out through channels in the outer condyle of the femur and the inner condyle of the tibia and its end is brought to the inner surface of the tibia. The other end of the tape is also brought to the inner surface of the thigh through the horizontal supracondylar canal in the femur. Then both ends of the tape are connected, stretched as much as possible and sewn together. Thus, an annular ligament is created, which evenly distributes the load on the dacron ribbon and the bone condyle channels.

The aim of the work was a comparative study of the physical development of newborns in Yoshkar-Ola in 1961 and 1981. The dynamics of indicators of length and body weight of newborns is presented in Table 1.

1984 marks the 100th anniversary of the birth of the Honored Scientist of the RSFSR, Professor Andrey Fedorovich Agafonov, a well-known infectious diseases doctor, scientist and health care organizer.

The program of the congress was devoted to discussing the tasks of the hygienic community in the light of the decisions of the XXVI Congress of the CPSU, subsequent plenums of the Central Committee of the CPSU and resolutions of the Central Committee of the CPSU and the Council of Ministers of the USSR "On additional measures to improve public health".