Vol 62, No 6 (1981)

The morphology of paravertebral muscles biopsied from 5 patients with scoliosis, as well as muscles autopsied from 35 corpses of newborns and children who died from accidental causes and had no signs of scoliosis, was studied. The asymmetry of the structure of paravertebral muscles in newborns and children, caused by congenital dysplasia of muscle tissue, was found. This asymmetry can be considered as an etiological factor in the onset of scoliosis.

The technique of intertrochanteric osteotomy for dysplastic coxarthrosis in combination with the formation of a canopy from the wing of the ilium according to Girgolav is described. General biological and biomechanical aspects of the operation are discussed.

The study of the dynamics of the manifestations of chronic (verified 2 weeks or more after the injury) traumatic subdural hematomas in 14S patients revealed a phasic character in the clinical course of the disease. Five clinical phases were identified: compensation, subcompensation, moderate decompensation, gross decompensation, and terminal phase. The approach to the peculiarities of the clinic of chronic subdural hematomas from the point of view of phase currents facilitates the solution of differential diagnostic, operational-tactical and prognostic problems.

In a study of 347 athletes-boxers, it was noted that 123 of them after knockout significantly impaired the function of the vestibular apparatus. Three types of changes in the stabilogram were identified.

The results of clinical and instrumental examination of 300 patients with myocardial infarction are presented. The leading role of complexes of diagnostic signs in the recognition of postinfarction heart aneurysms in the absence of classical symptoms is shown.

On the basis of clinical and instrumental examination of 168 patients with lumbar osteochondrosis, three forms of vertebral deformities were identified: functional, functional-organic and organic. These forms represent a sequential chain of biomechanical adaptation of patients. Analysis of the influence of vertebral deformities on the clinical manifestations of the disease showed that the most favorable form is organic, and the least favorable — functional-organic. In the organic form, the minimum severity of painful muscle-tonic and neurodystrophic syndromes of the disease, the shortest duration of exacerbation and a longer remission were observed. In the functional-organic form, on the contrary, reflex syndromes were most pronounced.

The hypothesis was tested that the “artificial synapse” in the area of ​​the neural scar is the role of the pathogenetic factor in the origin of the secondary contracture of the facial muscles. The distal branches of the facial nerve were alternately stimulated. A possible orthodromic response, capable of moving to adjacent fibers in the zone of the neural scar, was recorded in the frontal muscle (upon stimulation of the lower branch) and chin (upon stimulation of the upper branch). The results of studying the direct M-response and trigeminofacies reflex of these muscles are presented. The possibility of transverse transition of impulses was established only in the acute stage of facial neuritis. The involvement of the neural scar in contracturogenesis has not been confirmed.

The pathogenetic substantiation of the effectiveness of the inclusion of zinc preparations in the complex of treatment of acne vulgaris is given. An original methodology for an objective assessment of the severity of skin manifestations of the process at the stages of treatment is presented. Based on the materials of examination and treatment of 34 patients with acne vulgaris, the initial change in the indicators of the activity of cellular alkaline phosphatase was proved, which stabilized during the course of treatment. The inclusion in the complex of therapy of the preparation of zinc sulfate in a dose of 110-220 mg contributed to the rapid disappearance of inflammation, a progressive decrease in the index of severity of skin manifestations and improvement of the immediate results of therapy.

Idiopathic osteonecrosis (IO) of the femoral head in adults is a serious disease that leads to permanent disability at the most working age (in the 3-5th decade of life). Its essence lies in subchondral necrosis of the bone matter of the head in the upper, most loaded segment, followed by impaction of the head and the development of the most severe deforming arthrosis. The disease develops spontaneously, for no apparent reason, and should be distinguished from post-traumatic head necrosis after neck fractures and hip dislocations.

In recent years, the study of the impact of air pollution on the health of the population is of utmost importance. In 1957, temporary guidelines were issued for the study of the influence of atmospheric air pollution on the health and sanitary and hygienic conditions of the population, in 1962 - instructive and methodological guidelines for organizing the study of atmospheric air pollution, in 1976 - temporary instructive and methodological guidelines for assessing the degree of air pollution. However, unified research methods and criteria for the influence of atmospheric air pollution on public health have not yet been developed. Internationally unified methodologies for studying the dependence of public health on the state of the environment are the most important area of ​​scientific research in general and communal hygiene.

The working conditions and health status of workers at the 3 largest catalyst factories in the country were studied, where alumino-silicate and aluminum-cobalt-molybdenum catalysts are produced. The main hygienically unfavorable factors in both industries are air pollution of the working areas with catalyst dust, high air temperature and industrial noise in some areas. Among the nosological forms, acute respiratory diseases, tonsillitis, pustular diseases of the skin and subcutaneous tissue occupy the leading places both in the frequency of cases and in days of disability per 100 workers. All indicators of morbidity in most cases were higher among workers at the production of an aluminum-cobalt-molybdenum catalyst. The level of morbidity in the studied industries is influenced by the duration of exposure to adverse factors and the nature of harmful substances.