Vol 19, No 2 (1923)

In Book I of "Chir. Veliaminov's Archive" for 1915 in the article: "Is life possible in bilateral pneumothorax?" I quoted a number of authoritative representatives of physiology and clinic (Landois, Nagel, Verigo, Sauerbruch, Fraentzel), unanimously considering bilateral pneumothorax as an extremely acute and certainly lethal pathological process. To these names I could add the name of Rosenthal and many others. On the other hand, clinical casuistry is quite rich in cases of undoubtedly bilateral pneumothorax, which not only was not followed by immediate death, but often ended in complete recovery. This leads to the conclusion that in the contradiction of clinical observations to the data of the physiological statement there is some gap, which can be eliminated only by a carefully conducted experiment.

Among the most vigorously working endocrine glands of the human body is the thyroid gland, and among the diseases caused by disruption of its activity are those chronic diseases of the joints, which are known for the most part under the common name of chronic articular rheumatism.

Protein therapy has been reported in foreign ophthalmological literature since 1916. Various authors used this treatment for almost all eye diseases. Thus, conjunctivitis of different origin (Friedländer), blenorrhea (Müller, Pilot, Bachstez, Wiese), trachoma, keratitis parenchyma and scrofula, corneal ulcers were subjected to this treatment, Various etiologies of iritis, serous, plastic and disseminating chorioiditis, sympathetic inflammation, retinitis pigmentosa, glaucoma, optic atrophy (Müller Thanner, Bernaud, Königstein, Rosenstein et al.)

The question of protein therapy is currently still in a period of searching. Neither the mechanism of action of the parenterally administered protein, nor the methods of its application, nor the protein preparations most suitable for treatment have yet been established.

Hardly any other branch of medical knowledge has ever faced greater challenges, more pressing questions, than hygiene does at the present moment. The past war has uprooted about 6 million healthy, strong individuals - a direct sacrifice on the altar of Mars. To this should be added about 50 million premature deaths caused by an increase of mortality and those who were not born as a result of a decrease in the birthrate. For Russia, the total loss had already reached 21 million souls by the end of 1920, with 25 million disabled.

The author recommends the following method based on Sсhilling's principles: a smear is fixed in one of the usual ways; then the glass with it is placed, smear down, in a Petri cup, where equal amounts of 2 solutions are poured simultaneously.

The real triumph of experimental-surgical technique as applied to questions of physiology is represented, according to the fair statement of Віскеl, by the recent research of Маnn and Magath on liver extirpation in dogs.

It is known that some people explain the effect of parenteral administration of proteins by their effect on the parasympathetic system. Salomon, and Oppenheimer hold the view that there is a direct effect on the blood.

To recognize cholera vibriones and distinguish them from cholera-like other bacteria, the authors suggest using the sharply pronounced ability of cholera vibriones to degrade starch.

To detect Negri and Guarnieri bodies in tissues, the author recommends fixing the pieces in methyl alcohol or acetone, encasing them in paraffin and making sections of them, first treating them for 15-30 minutes in 5% tannin solution and then staining by Küll's method.

In the serodiagnosis of tuberculosis, two reactions must be performed in addition to each other. The first reaction, Besredka I, is used to prove the presence of a specific antibody against the Besredk'n antigen in the human body; the second reaction, Besredka II, is used to prove the presence of the antigen with a specific immune serum.

Iodine, being used per os or in the form of Lugolʹev solution (25 to 30 drops 2 times a day), or in the form of 10% iodine tincture (5 to 10 drops, also 2 times pro die), certainly has a known therapeutic effect in malaria, but this effect depends not on its toxic effect on plasmodium, which it has none, but on its direct effect on fever, which it prevents.

Studying liver function by means of a test proposed by Vidal ("Leukovidal" by Schilling), the author compares this test with the Falta liver function test (determination of urobilin and urobilinogen in urine after a patient is prescribed 3.0 fel. tauri depurati per os on an empty stomach).

The author describes in detail an extremely rare and little-known disease consisting of the deposition of concrements in the subcutaneous tissue, which consist of salts of phosphorous and carbonate lime (subcutaneous stones, calcinosis universalis interstitialis).

This treatment has its immediate purpose to achieve desolation of the aneurysmatic sac cavity by filling it with thrombotic masses with their subsequent organization. First proposed by Мооrе.

Kalb suggested a new operation for ascites - excision of a section of peritoneum, with the appropriate muscles, in the trigonum Petiti- in order to allow ascitic fluid to be absorbed into the subcutaneous tissue.

The author used parenteral injection of women's milk (milk was boiled for 10' and injected warm intramuscularly or subcutaneously every 2-4 days, 4-5 times on average, in doses of ½-2 q cent. in children, 1-3 q cent. in adults, then 3 - 4, rarely up to 5 q cent.) in 33 cases of various surgical diseases.

Surgical correction of rickety curvatures of the lower extremities is currently achieved either by a staged osteotomy followed by plastering, or by subperiosteal extirpation of the curved bone (Springer), or by redressing after preliminary bone softening by fixing it in a plaster cast (Anzolétti, Roehrke), or by some other less popular methods.

The author recommends the following operation, which gave him very favorable results: general anesthesia; no tourniquet; incision through the distal transverse fold of the palm; thorough excision of the entire wrinkled fasciae palmaris from the base of the palm to the base of the fingers.

The process of organization and regeneration of bone grafts takes several years according to anatomical and clinical studies. The author establishes several stages in it.

As is well known, French authors have long pointed out that pregnancy is characterized by a certain "insuffisance hépatique", that the functions of this organ are significantly impaired in pregnant women. Among German researchers, this view has found both supporters (Hofbauer) and opponents (Schickelе).

Rectal examination during childbirth has been used by the author in Bern for more than 10 years. In vaginal examination, the % of febrile p. partum—11.2, in rectal examination—5.5; postpartum mortality in vaginal examination—0.12%, in rectal examination—0%.

The author has successfully tried quinine-vusin derivative in purulent mastitis. After puncturing the abscess with a thick cannula he recommends filling its cavity with 1:400 vusin solution. With more extensive abscesses the operation has to be repeated.

New principles in the radiotherapy of uterine bleeding have been introduced since Horsley, Aschner and Biedel showed that the disabling of the anterior part of the cerebral appendage causes a sharp atrophy of the ovaries and uterus, and Szenes, Jurasz and Stefan found that lighting the spleen leads to an increase in fibrin-enzyme in the blood and acts in a hemostatic manner.

The author obtained excellent results in menorrhagia, in the sense of reducing bleeding, from luteoglandol (an extract from the yellow bodies of the ovary of a cow); in contrast, ovoglandol (an extract from the ovary without yellow bodies) found a favorable therapeutic effect in amenorrhea.

Tremor palsy and similar syndromes have been the focus of neuropathologists' attention in recent years. The epidemic encephalitis with its rich extrapyramidal symptomatology has given a huge material for the study of hyperkinesias, absorbed some independent, if not nosological units, then symptom complexes and in the form of postencephalitic parkinsonism threatened the shiver palsy, dividing neuropathologists into two camps: unitarians, who denied independence of shiver palsy, and dualists, recognizing it.

Starving children show stunting in weight and growth and susceptibility to infections, similar to the animals in experiments with a diet without vitamins. To test whether this is really due to a lack of a fat-soluble food additive, A. Wengraf fed a group of hungry Viennese children aged 2 to 5 years a food quite sufficient in calories but poor in this vitamin (fat was included in this food in the form of pork fat, which is known to contain no vitamin A, and milk was defatted by centrifugation).

The appearance of the first edition of the manual on renal surgery by Prof. Fedorov should be marked as an outstanding event in the Russian surgical literature. The name of the author, as the founder of the school of Russian urologists and as one of the greatest modern authorities in questions of urology, quite clearly defines the significance and character of this book.

The small book by Prof. O. presents a vivid and interestingly compiled sketch of the successes of modern surgery in a popular presentation. At the beginning of the essay the author dwells on the definition of surgery as a science and as an art, on the arrangement of the modern operating room and the production of modern operations, as well as on the dangers and outcomes of these operations.

The Medical Faculty of Kazan University has suffered another loss, an irretrievable one, unfortunately: on March 26, professor of anatomy Vyacheslav Andreevich Popov died suddenly from a seizure of anginae pectoris.