Vol 74, No 4 (1993)

Immunoconflict pregnancy and hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn remain, despite more than half a century of history, urgent problems in the field of obstetrics and neonatology and continue to be one of the causes of perinatal morbidity. The discovery by Landsteiner and Wiener in 1940 of a causal relationship between Rh isosensitization and hemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN) formed the basis of new branches in immunohematology and perinatology.

Respiratory allergies are one of the most common and severe allergic pathologies in children. Our observations showed that bronchial asthma is formed in more than 80% of children through the stage of pre-asthma. However, its early diagnosis and adequate treatment in 90% of cases can prevent the transition to bronchial asthma. In this regard, the problem of studying the methods of early diagnosis of pre-asthma and ways to prevent its transformation into bronchial asthma is urgent and practically significant. Since the formation of pre-asthma and bronchial asthma is based on a violation of the function of external respiration, the purpose of our work was, firstly, to study the function of external respiration in case of pre-asthma, and secondly, to determine the diagnostic value of various methods for studying FVD in this pathology in children.

One of the most important tasks of parenteral nutrition (PN) is the replenishment of the body's protein requirements. Currently, there is no doubt that this problem can be solved by intravenous administration of crystalline amino acids (PKA) and protein hydrolysates (GB). This means that coarsely dispersed proteins (plasma, albumin, protein) are not suitable for PP, since after administration for a long time (2-4 weeks and more) circulate in the blood without significant changes and only then undergo hydrolysis with subsequent assimilation in the form of amino acids (A K) and the simplest peptides. Thus, the use of coarse protein preparations in PN pursues specific goals within the framework of general infusion therapy, and the protein contained in them does not count towards plastic needs.

Complications arising after surgical interventions are still a very urgent problem. So, after appendectomies, their frequency ranges from 7.2 to 37.3%. In 6-10% of patients who underwent appendectomy, wound suppuration and other wound complications are observed in the postoperative period. The frequency (30-40%) of infectious complications of the wound during operations performed for destructive forms of appendicitis is especially high.

The formation of intestinal urinary bladder with the recovery of physiologic principles of the uresis is the most rational from the point of view of medicosocial and working rehabilitation of patients suffering from urinary bladder cancer after cystectomy. The variations of extraperitoneal and intraperitoneal situs of intestinal transplant are determined depending on the character and stage of cystectomy. The developed method of one and many-stage formation of intestinal urinary bladder permits to extend the possibilities of its performance in patients after cystectomy.

Muscle functions of the body in healthy children and in children with rachitis-like diseases arc examined using electromyography. More pronounced discordance in the work of pair muscles in children with rachitis-like diseases as compared with healthy children is found suggesting the disorder of coordinations of movements.

The International Symposium on Age Periodization (1965) recommended the adolescence to be considered the period from 12 to 15 years, and youthful — from 16 to 20 years. During adolescence, not only the anatomical formation is completed, but also the functional maturation of both the genitals and the central regulatory departments. During puberty, there are 2 to 3 phases. The first stage - prepubertal - is characterized by a growth spurt, the development of the pelvic bones, the manifestation of menarche, a decrease in growth hormone, an increase in the level of gonadotropins and estrogens, and activation of the thyroid gland.

The outbreak of pyo-inflammatory diseases of staphylococcic etiology in a hospital is studied as a result of the complex intraspecific marking. Isolated S. aureus cultures have a unified antibioticogram and a similar spectrum of extracellular proteins, which permits estimating them as subcultures of one strain.

With dental interventions, bacteremia often develops, which is called transient. Its essence is that after laziness of teeth and dental deposits, curettage, endodontic treatment, a microflora appears in the blood, which is far from indifferent to patients, especially those suffering from diseases of the heart, blood vessels, and kidneys. According to Li I terature, transient bacteremia often occurs during interventions in patients with periodontal inflammation. At the same time, a number of authors believe that the frequency of bacteremia and its severity are influenced not only by the state of the periodontal tissues, but also by the volume of intervention.

The reduced transplant made from fruit bones by demineralization and preserved in 0,5% formalin solution is used in the treatment of root end cysts and cystogranulomas of the jaw bones. The absorbing osteal bed and transplant are subjected to ultrasonic treatment before forthcoming osteal brephoplasty. Osteal brephoplasty is applied in 39 patients. Control group consists of 26 patients. The results show the presence of pronounced osteoinductive, bioplastic and antimicrobic properties as well as the reduction of antigenic properties in the plastic material.

For three decades in the pages of foreign scientific literature, the problem of alcoholism in the family — parental and marital — has been discussed. Particular attention is paid to the personality of the spouses of alcoholic patients. So, for a long time, the question of the unity of the characterological traits of the wives of alcoholic patients was exaggerated, to whom a tendency to dominance, a subconscious desire to fix alcoholic vices in the husband to maintain a leading position in the family was attributed. Despite the negative results of studies rejecting the existence of a single psychological "portrait" of the wife of an alcoholic patient, the question of the choice of spousal partners in such families remains relevant.

Conductive anesthesia as a therapeutic agent for injuries and diseases of the lower extremities is rarely performed. This is primarily due to the fact that the posterior approach is mainly used to perform the sciatic nerve block, which requires special positioning of the patient and is not suitable for inserting a catheter. The most convenient in this respect is the front access to the sciatic nerve. We catheterized the sciatic nerve according to V.V. Kuzmenkov et al. The method of long-term conduction block of the sciatic nerve (DPBS) was performed in 23 patients.