Vol 35, No 9 (1939)

The extraordinary IV session of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR, which met in an atmosphere of acute pre-war anxiety that gripped the largest countries of the world, demonstrated the greatest calm of the Soviet people.

The laws adopted by the IV session of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR (August 28-September 1, 1939) stem from the decisions of the XVIII Congress of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks) and are imbued with the ideas of preserving peace and the steady growth of the economic power and defense power of our great Motherland.

The need of a child's body for vitamins is very high. Continuous body growth, enhanced assimilation processes, and a relatively more intense metabolism and energy lead to the fact that some vitamins are required by a child in quantities not only relatively, but also absolutely exceeding the needs of an adult.

About 40 years separate us from the time when the early observations of our compatriot Lunin in the Bunge laboratory, and the subsequent work of Eickman, Hopkins, Holst and Fröhlich, Funk and others laid the foundation for our knowledge of vitamins. During this period, the science of vitamins advanced with giant strides. The exceptional practical importance of these, until recently, mysterious organic substances attracted interest in them from workers in various scientific disciplines - chemistry, physiology, which identified an independent department - vitaminology.

The mechanism by which the child’s body maintains the content of inorganic phosphorus in the blood at a certain level has not yet been precisely established. A number of conclusions are therefore hypothetical in nature. The most substantiated position has been put forward in recent years that the regulation of the content of inorganic phosphorus in the blood is in connection with the activity of the enzyme phosphatase. In 1923, Robison established that bones contain an enzyme that breaks down phosphorus esters to form inorganic phosphorus. Many works have been devoted to the study of this enzyme (Kay, Bodansky, Robison, Krimm, Strayer, etc.).

Wound treatment is one of the most pressing problems of modern surgery. This question is especially relevant these days, in days of real military danger. “We must keep our entire people in a state of mobilization readiness in the face of the danger of a military attack, so that no “accident” and no “tricks” of our external enemies can take us by surprise” (Stalin). It is quite natural that concern for systematically increasing the country’s defense capability should to stand in the center of attention of the entire huge army of medical workers of our homeland.

Caesarean section (CS), despite all the progress of modern obstetrics, still remains an intervention that is far from indifferent to both the health and life of a woman. With strict adherence to the indications, the percentage of k.s. to the total number of births is 0.2-0.3. Results c.s. varies greatly among different authors.

Observations on the treatment of stomach and duodenal ulcers with infusions of incompatible blood led to extremely encouraging results, showing complete recovery in 79% of cases of this disease (Harutyunyan).

However, the nature of the stimulating effect of incompatible blood on such a complex etiologically and pathogenetically complex suffering as gastric and duodenal ulcers remains unclear. The authors who used incompatible blood for the treatment of stomach ulcers do not have information on long-term observations of patients, which makes us treat with some caution the high recovery rates cited by these authors.

The dangers of general anesthesia have long forced surgeons to pay special attention to local anesthesia methods. The role of local anesthesia in ophthalmic surgery is especially significant. Local anesthesia was first reported in 1884 at a congress of ophthalmologists in Heidelberg. At this congress, Koller reported that injecting 3% cocaine into the conjunctival sac makes it possible to perform eye operations completely painlessly. Since that time, local anesthesia began to be used not only in eye surgery, but in surgery in general.

The described case of visceral syphilis is, from our point of view, of interest, both in terms of differential diagnosis and in the sense of combined damage to the heart of a rheumatic and luetic nature, with simultaneous specific damage to the central nervous system.

The recent development of Vitaminology has helped medicine resolve a number of pressing clinical issues. She brought clarity to the issues of prevention, genesis and therapy of various pathological processes associated with vitamin deficiency, and taught to recognize its latent forms. With hypovitaminosis and avitaminosis, tissue regeneration and wound healing are poor (L. A. Cherkesse).

Among the various forms of intestinal obstruction, cecal volvulus is relatively rare. According to Blokhin, in the Leningrad Obukhov Hospital over 15 years, out of 511 cases of obstruction, there were 22 cases of cecal volvulus, which is 4.3%. At the Sklifasovsky Institute for 2½ years, out of 81 cases of obstruction, there was not a single cecal volvulus.

The question of the implementation of chemotherapy, that is, the use for therapeutic purposes of such drugs that, without damaging the cells of the macroorganism, would selectively act on the causative agent of the disease, has long been of interest to major scientists. The first chemotherapeutic agent was quinine, empirically used to treat swamp fever by the primitive inhabitants of Peru. The creator of scientific, theoretically based chemotherapy was Paul Ehrlich. He drew attention to the relationship that exists between the distribution of a drug in the body and its pharmacological action.