Vol 81, No 1 (2000)

Public health has been around for a long time. Suffice it to recall one of the oldest government agencies in the United States - the Public Health Service, which emerged back in 1798 [4]. Public health at different times and in different countries meant different structures - from those responsible for monitoring the sanitary and epidemiological state of society to ministries responsible for organizing medical care and public health.

In the relapsing nature of obstructive bronchitis as in the case of acute obstructive bronchitis the percent of children with polyimmunization in the given variant of bronchitis reached 63,2% of the number of examined persons. In bronchial asthma the phenomenon of polyimmunization was typical for all examined persons of the given group, in this case in the majority of children the level of antibodies was high to 5—6 antigenes and in some of them even to 7—8 antigenes. The level of spontaneous luminol dependent chemoluminescence at the height of the disease was higher than 1000 imp/min in the children with the phenomenon of polyimmunization. The results show the relationship between oxygen dependent metabolism of polymorphonuclear leukocytes and natural polyimmunization depending on the genesis of the pathological process of the bronchial tree.

Two groups of patients with various forms of acute appendicitis taking a drug of pyrimidine series, xymedone (102 patients) and methyluracil (138 patients) are examined. Nonspecific resistance of the organism to infection is estimated by the results of determining the functional activity of blood neutrophils, concentration of bioactive and immunoreactive fibronectin in blood plasma, activity of the fibrinostabilizing blood factor (factor XIII). Xymedone increases nonspecific resistance of the organism to infection by strengthening the functional activity of neutrophils, their reserve potentials. The use of xymedone in clinical surgery for increasing nonspecific resistance of the organism to infection is advisable.

The results of the treatment of 11 patients with acute promyelocyte leukosis using the retinoic acid drugs (ATRA, 13-cis-retinoic acid) are presented. Total remission was achieved in 6 out of 9 patients within 22—39 days of treatment: in 2 patients — on ATRA monotherapy and in 4 patients — in combination with polychemotherapy. Normalization of hemostasis indices with tendency to hypercoagulation is noted during the first week. Cupping of hemorrhages took place within 14—30 days of treatment. High incidence (67%) of the retinoic acid syndrome is noted. It is connected with the initial hyperleukocytosis and not always timely prescription of polychemotherapy. Less dramatic nature of the disease course, fast cupping of hemorrhages, absence of the bone marrow aplasia phase, decrease of demand in transfusional provision were observed in using ATRA.

The therapeutic activity of dimephosphone in erosive and ulcerous processes in gastroduodenal zone is revealed by the experiments on 34 rats and observations of 148 patients. The increase of the medicinal effect of therapy with dimephosphone is determined, in particular, by suppression of the HC1 production by means of parietal cells of the stomach owing to inhibition of the calcium dependent discharge of endogenic histamine out of enterochromaffin like cells

The rate of detecting biliary, urinary and salivary biolithes on the sectional material is not rare and is 10,6% of the general number of autopsies: cholilithiasis — 8,7%, urolithiasis — 6,4%, sialolithiasis — 1,03%. The primarily multiple biolithiasis in the given systems is revealed in 3,4% of the cases. Throughout the life of patients biolithes were found only in 12 patients in particular, when the death resulted from the complications of the urolithic or cholelithic diseases. Sialolithiasis, especially the primarily multiple biolithiasis was not diagnosed in none of the cases throughout the life of patients.

The nature of operative and treatment methods depending on the terms of trauma and injury levels in 134 patients with injuries of hand finger extensors is established. The treatment method stereotype of injuries of hand finger extensors is developed. The internal splinting is typical and the most adequate treatment method for the 1st injury zone; the buried tendon sutures with temporal (to three weeks) fixation of the joint by the wire to accretion of the sutured ends of the injuried tendons are typical for the 2d zone; the primary and secondary tendon sutures with the palmar plaster bandage to accretion of tendons are typical for the 3d zone, the most favourable zone for recovery; the primary or secondary tendon sutures with the absence of defect butween tendon ends are typical for the 4th zone, and with defect more than 3—5 sm the free bridge-like plasty by autotransplant is typical. In chronic injuries of one — two finger extensors when defect is more than 5 sm the transposition is advisable, that is switching the distal extensor end over to the new motor muscle.

The results obtained in the treatment of 14 women (45,6±1,6 years) with postcastration syndrome confirmed the vegetostabilizing properties of grandaxin. It is advisable to include grandaxin (0,1 x twice daily) into the complex therapy of postcastration syndrome.

Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) is a complex process, the course and outcome of which is determined by triggering mechanisms, the reactivity of the body and a number of related conditions. As a result of these interactions, the clinical and laboratory manifestations of DIC vary greatly, making it difficult to diagnose and correct it. With DIC, there are no standard, especially pathognomonic, clinical symptoms, there are no generally accepted laboratory diagnostic criteria, as well as specific therapy. The development of methods for treating DIC and assessing their effectiveness is hampered by the fact that, firstly, the outcome of DIC depends more on its immediate cause than on treatment; secondly, the usually recommended therapeutic effects (heparin therapy, infusion of antithrombin III concentrates, protein C, etc.) have never been the subject of objective randomized follow-up studies, with the exception, perhaps, of the use of antithrombin III drugs [4]. Undoubtedly, advances in the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of DIC directly depend on the depth of understanding of its pathogenetic mechanisms that unfold at the molecular and cellular levels. Modern ideas about the pathogenesis of DIC syndrome are, in one way or another, a development of the idea of ​​continuous intravascular coagulation [5], which under some conditions from latent physiological becomes massive pathological with distinct clinical and laboratory manifestations [1, 2, 7].

The role of frequent morbidity in the early formation of chronic pathology in children is known. The risk of chronicity is due to the influence of a complex of factors that give antigenic loads, the prevalence of the contingent of frequently and long-term ill children. During their clinical examination, the maximum shift in allergic changes in reactivity falls on the age period from 4 to 6 years. The formation of foci of chronic infection is observed mainly at the age of 7-10 years.

3., 42 years old, worked as a security guard at a vegetable base. Transferred from the 1st infectious diseases hospital to the city tuberculosis hospital of Kazan 03.02.1998 due to disseminated pulmonary tuberculosis VK (-), right-sided encapsulated pleurisy and tuberculous meningitis.

For marking survey radiographs when conducting research on X-ray diagnostic devices RUM-20, it is proposed to strengthen the shortened standard stencil RTC-2 using an angular plate metal bracket on the upper fixing bar of the screened cassette holder. This is done in such a way that it is located behind the upper left corner of the cassette, without interfering with its free movement during operation. Before the study, a set of numbers corresponding to the patient number, according to the study register, is placed in the stencil slot. During the production of survey images, the image of these numbers is projected onto the radiograph. To mark the sighting radiographs, a similar stencil is placed on the front side of the compression tube in the projection of the upper sections of the tube window.

Agricultural production belongs to one of the least favourable braches as to sanitary and hygienic, demographic, social and economic indices. In this connection the attestation of working places by labour conditions of the given brach is timely and important stage on the way to providing safe labour conditions meeting the requirements of hygiene and decreasing professional risk. The operative correction of the leading documents is necessary for increasing the effeciency of the attestation of working places.

The demographic situation in the Russian Federation, including the Republic of Tatarstan, is characterized by extremely negative manifestations. As a result of the incessant decline in the birth rate and the continuing rise in mortality, even a simple renewal of the number of generations has not been ensured for several years. Under these conditions, the significance of every child's life saved, every death of a fetus and a child averted for society (government officials, demographers, health workers, etc.) increases many times over.

The relative rarity of sarcoidosis, most often the chance of detection, but at the same time the possibility of affecting all systems of the human body (only adrenal gland lesions are not described) require a reminder of sarcoidosis to doctors of all specialties. This lecture is based on a review of more than 1000 publications (their citation would exceed the volume of the article, and in the Medline information system in August 1999, 13175 works on sarcoidosis were available). In addition, it outlines the author's modest experience in this area over the past 20 years.

The appearance of the book by I.A. Ibatullina is an important event in the history of medical science. It can be equally useful for doctors of various specialties, researchers, teachers of the postgraduate education system and medical universities. The book is also interesting for anesthesiologists-resuscitators, since it outlines the pathophysiology of the function of blood circulation, respiration, central and peripheral nervous system, metabolism, neurohumoral homeostasis from the position of clinical morphofunctional analysis carried out by a major specialist in clinical anatomy and surgical surgery.

February 26, 2000 marked the 70th anniversary of his birth and 46 years of medical, scientific, pedagogical and social activities of the corresponding member of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Tatarstan, Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor of the Department of Hygiene, Occupational Medicine and Medical Ecology of Kazan State Medical University Marat Mingazovich Gimadeev.

According to the plan of scientific conferences of the Ministry of Health of Russia for 1999, on November 17-19, 1999 in Kazan at the Clinical Oncological Center (CTC) of the Ministry of Health of Tatarstan the II All-Russian School-Seminar on Immunohistochemical Diagnostics of Tumors was held. The seminar was organized at the initiative of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Tatarstan, KOTs M3 of Tatarstan, employees of the Department of Pathological Anatomy of KSMU, together with scientists from the Oncological Scientific Center named after N.N. Blokhin Russian Academy of Medical Sciences (Moscow), MMA them. Sechenov, MONIKI them. Vladimirsky (Moscow) and took place in the Kazan sanatorium "Livadia". The general sponsor of the seminar was the Finbio company. The "Labmethod" company (Moscow) also rendered sponsorship support. The school participants were 27 oncomorphologists from various cities of Russia - Moscow, St. Petersburg, Obninsk, Rostov-on-Don, Omsk, Saratov, Novosibirsk, Irkutsk, Yekaterinburg, Chelyabinsk, Ulyanovsk, Khabarovsk, Barnaul, Krasnodar, as well as pathologists from Kazan ...