Vol 19, No 6 (1923)

In order to find out the peripheral endings of n. obturatorii, related to the knee joint, I have done my work at the Institute of Operative Surgery of the Kazan University on only 18 lower limbs-14 male and 4 female; I present the obtained results, due to comparatively small material, as a preliminary report.

The recognition of a benign liver tumor in an intact abdominal wall is often a very difficult and sometimes even impossible task for the therapists. This rarity of the disease gives us grounds to dwell on a case of benign liver tumor, which we observed in the Therapeutic Department of Kaz. Clinical Institute.

In cardiac pathology, stenoses usually occur in one or other of the four main orifices of the latter, namely in the left or right venous orifice, or in the aortic or pulmonary artery. Sometimes, however, this rule presents exceptions. One of such cases, observed in the clinic of Prof. S.S. Zimnitsky, is discussed here.

According to x-ray researches published this year by Prof. Faber in Copenhagen, the small curvature of the stomach in healthy individuals descends below the navel in 15.7% of men, in women without childbearing - in 21% and in those who have given birth - in 43.3%; but in patients suffering from dyspepsia, constipation, and colitis, this percentage, changing little in men (11.2%), increases twice in women without childbearing (41%) and one and a half times in women with childbearing (66.2%). These figures show how private "anatomically" gastroptosis in general, and especially in women.

In the teaching of cervical cancer, the ultimate practical aim of which is to devise the most successful methods of combating this terrible disease, there are still many questions, both of a purely scientific and practical nature, which have not yet been fully elucidated and controversial. The publication of observations based on a large number of cases of the disease is, therefore, highly desirable. In the present work, which is a continuation of the investigations begun in our Clinic by Dr. Dyakonov, we would like to present the results of our observations on uterine cancer during the whole period of the Kazan Clinic under the direction of Prof. V.S. Gruzdev.

Working on the question of aphasia, we have come to the conclusion that 1) there is no data proving the existence, along with the general auditory center, of a special center for recollection of auditory word pictures, along with the general visual center, of a special center for recollection of visual word pictures, along with the general kinesthetic center in the broad sense of the word-special centers of an obscure physiological nature-motor and non-motor at the same time-for motor images of memories of oral and written speech (Broca and Exper'a centers); 2) that all speech disorders are well interpreted without assumption of such centers. Cases of alexia from this point of view seem to be especially valuable because of their close connection with such ob'ective symptom of a certain localization as hemianopsia.

Since the introduction of antitoxic serum in the treatment of diphtheria, the mortality rate of the disease has decreased considerably, but it has not yet been reduced to zero. Cases are constantly observed where, whether because of too late application of the serum, because of weak resistance of the organism, high virulence of the germs, or for other reasons, the serum treatment also proves helpless; therefore even now in cultured countries 20-30 people per every 100,000 inhabitants die of diphtheria every year.

The interaction of organs with each other is known to occur in one of two ways: through the central nervous system as a reflex, or through the circulatory system through which products of endocrine glands activity are transported from one organ to another. The Dutch physiologist H.J. Hamburger reports a new, third form of interaction of organs.

Sternberg based his classification not on the division of forms of tuberculosis according to their extent in the lung tissue, nor on differences in anatomical and pathological changes in the lungs, but on the biological principle, which is expressed in the clinical manifestation of the disease as a reaction of the entire organism to the virus.

V. M. Kogan, noting that the importance of the pancreatic islet apparatus as an organ of internal secretion was indicated long before the Germans, as early as 1898, by the Russian scientist Yarotsky, sets forth as a preliminary report his observations on insulin. In contrast to the American and Western European authors, who give in their published works precise indications on the method of preparing insulin, Kogan elaborates on his method of making and using the latter.

Checking the treatment of anemia proposed in 1922 by the Swedish physician Lindberg with large doses of iron, Barkan applied this method in a number of cases of chlorosis and secondary anemia. Patients received pro dosi 0.5 ferri reducti without any additions to it and quickly reached 3.0 per day. Against all expectations these large doses, at least 10 times the usual dose of this drug, were perfectly tolerated by the patients, without causing any side effects from the stomach or constipation.

Of the peculiarities of gastric digestion in peptic ulcer the absolute or relative increase in acidity of gastric juice is in the foreground. Gastric ulcer surgeries-gastroenterostomy (alone or with disconnection of the pylorus) and gastric resection-achieve their purpose by facilitating the discharge of duodenal juice into the stomach and a more rapid emptying of the stomach of its contents.

As is known, this operation still has adherents among surgeons and neuropathologists. Based on the cases of different authors, where it gave, in Basedow's disease, almost no positive results, as well as on experimental data, the authors conclude that resection of the cervical sympathetic nerve in the named disease can weaken or eliminate only some symptoms, like pouching and increased heart rate.

Синюшное окрашивание в области пупка, как признак скопления крови в брюшной полости при внематочной беременности, выставляется целым рядом новейших авторов. Причиной такой окраски Strube считает флебэктазии вен пупочной области. Cullen, Schmid, Hanau, Hellendall объясняют это явление просвечиванием крови через истонченное место пупка.

Schönholz sees mechanical moments. On 36 sl. of tubal pregnancy 26 times he found formation of coves and diverticula-like retractions of the mucosa in the muscularis of the tube. The author does not consider these formations as inflammatory, but as developmental anomalies.

The author advises in such cases to put the pregnant woman on the operating table and keep her in a sharply pronounced Trendelenburgʹov position for 10 to 15 minutes. This alone, without any sleeve manipulation, is enough to straighten the uterus.

Based on his experience with 423 laparotomies, the author recommends injecting ether into the peritoneal cavity in "pure" cases of peritoneal perforations as well, bearing in mind the increase in peristalsis it causes.

Horsley and Bergmann, for the first time, in 1887, proposed and performed removal of cerebral centers in nontraumatic Jackson's epilepsy. Then removal of centers was widely used by Razumovsky and almost simultaneously by Krause, and then by a number of other surgeons, both in Russia and abroad.

Just as, according to Kretshmair, a number of words such as cancer, tuberculosis, softening of the brain, spinal cord, etc., should be avoided when speaking to the sick, so too should we be very careful with the expression "blood pressure" Blood pressure measurement, says Clauss, has become, especially in America, a sport. The general public goes to the doctor to have their blood pressure measured.

By observing the number of pinworms escaping, the author noticed that the disease runs cyclically, after a significant escape of pinworms follows an interval when the parasites are excreted in very small numbers, or even not excreted at all. Such intervals correspond to 6-7 weeks, after which the worms start to excrete again. This phenomenon, in the author's opinion, is caused by the development of new generations of the parasite, which takes 5-6 weeks.

In view of the increasing interest in issues of internal secretion, Weilʹa's book deserves exceptional attention. Any physician who wishes to keep abreast of current scientific trends will find a wealth of interesting material here. In spite of its small circumference, the book provides an almost exhaustive review of the current literature on the doctrine of the internal coordination of organisms. The presentation is concise, precise, clear, and at the same time original.

The fifth edition of the Bing Compendium is considerably more extensive than previous editions. Of the additions, the following are noteworthy. A general diagram of lesions of the skull base and a table of symptoms observed in these lesions are included in the chapter on the topical diagnosis of the brain stem. Further, there is a diagram of anesthesia sites in lesions of different parts of substantiae gelatinosae Rolandi.