Vol 80, No 1 (1999)

The prophetic words of Nikolai Ivanovich Pirogov that the future belongs to preventive medicine are becoming a reality, as evidenced by the WHO strategy "Health for All by 2000" and the concept of primary health care for the population.

The prevalence of cardiovascular pathology among drivers of motor transport in age aspect taking into account freitage specificity is analyzed. The results obtained make it possible to refer drivers of trucks aged 40 to 50 to the group of increased risk of cardiovascular pathology development. The use of donozologic diagnosis methods in giving employment allows to perform timely elimination of persons with primordially low functional reserves and adaptational potential of cardiovascular system.

It is established that from 1993 in Tatarstan Republic the decrease of professional morbidity is found. A large share in the structure of professional diseases belongs to neurosensory hypoacusis and vibratory disease. Growth of the number of acute professional poisonings is noted. Each fifth professional disease is diagnosed in the pronounced stage and requires rational job placement of a patient.

Pathomorphologic and histochemical studies of organs of rats subjected to chronic destroy by ammonium paramolibdate and sodium tungstate and their mixture are performed. Significant disorders in rats which inhale these agents in the concentration of 4,09, 0,51 mg/m3 and 1,05 mg/m3, respectively, are revealed.

The effect of production of low-gravity oil and natural bitumen on the state of atmospheric air is studied. At the territory of intensive production of low-gravity oil and natural bitumen the factors of the effect connected with impact sources of air pollution are revealed. The sanitary and hygienic recommendations and measures on improving atmospheric air and strengthening health of population are developed.

The hygienic estimation of food value of katyk is carried out. Katyk is recommended as an important source of basic nutrients. Cultured-milk products are characterized as products having sufficiently high food value in good organoleptic indices.

The dependence of the initiation of pregnancy and birth pathology on social, economic and hygienic factors is established. Using the three-factor dispersion analysis of qualitative signs the factors playing the leading part in the initiation of complications during pregnancy and in birth are revealed. The factors of industrial environment, and social and economic trouble are in the first group, the anatomic and physiologic peculiarities of young organism and bad social conditions are in the second group.

The complex methods of determining basic tendencies in the nature of reproductive behaviour of population according to social and hygienic, psychologic and medicoorganizing positions are presented. Using these methods it is possible to study the problem and its separate aspects at various levels of health protection management (region, city, republic). The methods are intended for independent research by forces of interested institutions and organizations.

The retrospective analysis of the sickness rate of pseodotuberculosis and iersiniosis in Kazan for 1989— 1998 years is carried out. It is established that in structure of diseases iersiniosis prevails over pseudotuberculosis. Within the next years the tendency to increase of the sickness rate of iersiniosis remains in Kazan. It is noted that only each hundredth case of pseudotuberculosis and iersiniosis is revealed.

Mucoviscidosis was diagnosed in 92 children in various hospitals of Saratov and in 50 of them this diagnosis proved to be wrong. Diagnostic errors more often take place because of deficient knowledge of diagnosis peculiarities, clinical picture and mucoviscidosis course. It is established that to diagnose mucoviscidosis it is necessary to take into account not only typical clinical data (combination of respiratory and enteric syndromes) but paraclinical indices including in dynamic observation (emphysema, strengthening of pulmonary picture, especially diffuse pneumosclerosis in X-ray examination, the presence of neutral fat in stool, decrease of pancreas sizes). Verification tests for the diagnosis are: repeatedly positive sweat test as well as detection of one or other mutation in mucoviscidosis gene.

Genome state and methods of its correction in patients with chronic osteomyelitis are studied. The importa components in complex treatment of chronic osteomyelitis of long tubular bones are intraosteal injection of antiseptics, laser radiation of low power, use of immunostimulators. To estimate the efficiency of intraosteal therapy the micronuclear analysis method is used. Besides deep disorders of immunity in patients the disorders on the level of cell nucleus chromosomes (micronuclear erythrocytes) which are stabilized during shorter time in patients after intraosteal therapy are determined.

The program of comprehensive hygienic research carried out in the workshops of JSC KVZ and JSC KMPO provided for the assessment of working conditions for workers in vibration professions. For this purpose, the technological process was studied, the parameters of local vibration, industrial noise and microclimate were determined, the state of the air environment was investigated.

In the group of malignant liver lesions, the frequency of occurrence of metastatic lesions is in the first place. It is distinguished by a pronounced variety of the echographic picture. However, not always a vivid picture of focal lesion corresponds to a true metastatic lesion. The presented observation can serve as an example of such a situation.

On September 15, 1922, the Council of People's Commissars of the RSFSR adopted the decree “On the sanitary bodies of the Republic”, which laid the foundation for the state sanitary supervision of Russia. Together with all the employees of the sanitary and epidemiological service of Russia, the sanitary and epidemiological service of Tatarstan has gone a long and glorious way.

On January 12, 1999, the medical community of Kazan solemnly celebrated the 90th anniversary of the birth of an outstanding scientist, pathophysiologist-allergologist, pupil of the Kazan medical school, academician of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences Andrei Dmitrievich Ado.