Vol 97, No 3 (2016)
- Year: 2016
- Articles: 36
- URL: https://kazanmedjournal.ru/kazanmedj/issue/view/174
Theoretical and clinical medicine
Comparative analysis of sarcoidosis treatment efficiency in clinical practice settings
Abstract
Aim. To evaluate the effectiveness of different management regimens in patients with sarcoidosis in clinical practice settings.
Methods. A retrospective analysis of condition of 530 patients with sarcoidosis at baseline and at the end of follow-up (at least 6 months) was conducted. The patients were divided into subgroups according to the treatment received by them: prednisolone, methotrexate, pentoxifylline, vitamin E. The fifth group consisted of patients who were under active surveillance without treatment. The dynamics of the disease clinical and laboratory manifestations, radiographic changes, and lungs forced vital capacity were evaluated.
Results.. Improvement rate was the highest and amounted to 74.3% in patients with mild forms of sarcoidosis treated with vitamin E. The spirometric parameters have most commonly positive dynamics among patients treated with prednisone (56.2%). When comparing patients with equal radiographic stages and close spirometry data, methotrexate improved radiographic pattern in 70% of cases. Pentoxifylline effect was associated with the initial radiographic stages of sarcoidosis (p=0.003), its influence was insufficient in preventing of the fibrosis development and the lungs vital capacity reduction in patients with initially severe and widespread forms of sarcoidosis. After completion of treatment with methotrexate, relapse occurred in 37.2% of patients, and after pentoxifylline treatment in 31% of cases subsequent systemic glucocorticoid therapy was needed.
Conclusion. In mild sarcoidosis vitamin E is quite effective and active surveillance without treatment is acceptable, in case of severe course, prednisolone and methotrexate efficacy is comparable, while pentoxifylline did not allow to prevent fibrosis development and the lungs ventilatory capacity reduction; choice of regimen is determined by the clinical presentation severity and lesion size according to the X-ray.



Evaluation of hormonal balance indicators in men with arterial hypertension in various types of left ventricular remodeling
Abstract
Aim. To evaluate features of the hormonal balance in men with hypertension with different types of left ventricular geometry.
Methods. The study included 63 men (mean age 49.74±4.91 years) with II degree hypertension (the disease duration 6.03±3.64 years). In all patients the level of testosterone, estradiol, prolactin, thyroid-stimulating hormone in blood serum were determined and echocardiography was performed, which was done on the expert class machine PHILIPS iE33 (Netherlands).
Results.. According to echocardiographic examination data concentric hypertrophy prevailed in the left ventricular hypertrophy structure - 33 (52.38%) patients, eccentric hypertrophy occured in 18 (28.57%), concentric remodeling - in 12 (19.04%) patients. When analyzing the hormonal profile of patients a significant difference in testosterone levels in patients with various types of the left ventricular remodeling was revealed. In the concentric left ventricular hypertrophy, testosterone levels were lowest, and in some patients were beyond the lower limit of the normal range. Estradiol level exceeded the reference range values in men with concentric type of hypertrophy. The estradiol content in the group of men with concentric left ventricular remodeling was significantly higher than in patients with eccentric hypertrophy (p
Conclusion. In patients with hypertension, concentric left ventricular hypertrophy (as compared with eccentric hypertrophy and concentric remodeling) occurs more often, it is accompanied by a decrease in total testosterone level in blood serum; timely correction of early androgen deficiency will allow to reduce the risk of cardiovascular complications.



Abdominisation of fibrous capsule cavity in the treatment of liver echinococcosis
Abstract
Aim. To present the treatment results of patients with liver echinococcosis using abdominisation method to eliminate the fibrous capsule cavity.
Methods. Method of fibrous capsule abdominisation was used in 73 patients with liver echinococcosis. Primary echinococcosis was diagnosed in 68 patients, relapse - in 5. An important condition for the surgery success is a thorough examination of the residual capsule to detect biliary fistulas and in case of their presense - a reliable suturing of the fistula with the subsequent control of their hermeticity and drainage. The fibrous capsule cavity and subphrenic space were drained using fascines drainage through which the fibrous capsule cavity was irrigated with ozonated sodium chloride solution and 0.02% dekasan solution.
Results.. Postoperative complications occurred in 4 patients, and were presented with bile leakage, pleuritis and wound infection. There were no fatal cases. During the course of treatment biochemical tests results of patients who underwent fibrous capsule abdominisation, and patients in whom the fibrous capsule elimination was performed by capitonnage and intussusception were compared. The best results were found in patients with fibrous capsule abdominisation. Abdominisation method is reasonable for cysts of medium and large sizes (up to 15 cm in diameter), and in cases when the cavity elimination has a risk of blood vessels and bile ducts damage.
Conclusion. Our research showed the possibility to perform fibrous capsule cavity abdominisation in liver echinococcosis, this method does not worsen liver functional state compared with capitonnage and intussusception.



Effectiveness of neoadjuvant radiation therapy in muscle-invasive bladder cancer
Abstract
Aim. To evaluate results of bimodal (preoperative radiotherapy + cystectomy) and only surgical treatment in patients with muscle-invasive bladder cancer.
Methods. A retrospective cohort observational study of patients with muscle-invasive bladder cancer from 2006 to 2012 was conducted. Continuous sampling was used. Patients who received radiation therapy in the preoperative period before cystectomy (25 patients) composed the main group, the patients who underwent surgery alone (167 patients) composed the control group.
Results.. 9 of the 25 patients, who underwent neoadjuvant external-beam radiotherapy before cystectomy, died, the overall survival rate during follow-up was 64.0%. In the group of patients who underwent cystectomy alone, the survival rate was 48.5%. We analyzed the survival rate depending on various criteria or prognostic factors. Factors such as age (under 65 years), male gender, degree of differentiation G2, disease stage (II and III as compared with stage IV), lymph nodes negative status are relatively favorable for disease prognosis, and patients survival rates were significantly higher when using neoadjuvant external beam radiotherapy.
Conclusion. The effectiveness of neoadjuvant treatment (radiotherapy) followed by cystectomy for bladder cancer in some situations may have a positive effect; the tumor degree of differentiation, the regional lymph nodes state, clinical stage and age have a prognostic value irrespective of the therapy method.



Analysis of shear wave elastography and elastometry results in the endometrial pathology diagnosis in patients with secondary infertility
Abstract
Aim. To analyze the results of the application and to study the effectiveness of ultrasound shear wave elastography and elastometry in the endometrial pathology diagnosis in secondary infertility.
Methods. Multiparameter ultrasound with shear wave elastography and elastometry modes (Shear Wave Elastography) was performed in 146 women of reproductive age (Aixplorer scanner, Supersonic Imagine, France). The main group (N1) included 101 women with secondary infertility: 43 patients with tuberculous lesions of the uterus, 58 - with chronic endometritis without concomitant tuberculosis. The control group (N2) included 45 healthy women: 22 nulliparous women, 23 - parous women. Age of examined women ranged from 24 to 48 years, mean age in N1 group was 34.4±2.6 years, in N2 group - 33.9±2.9 years.
Results.. Depending on the nature of the pathology elastographic cards of examined women in the main group differed in color. Elastographic cards of blue-green range of low intensity dominated in patients with chronic endometritis. In patients with tuberculous lesions of the uterus unevenly colored, non-homogeneous, high intensity, from green to yellow and red in color-grade elastographic cards were determined. Endometrial stiffness values in patients with chronic endometritis and in tuberculous lesions of the endometrium (31.7±4.3 and 89.7±5.7 kPa, respectively) were significantly higher than that in healthy women (16.5±1.0 kPa, p
Conclusion. The presented analysis indicates the feasibility of the shear wave elastography and elastometry application in multiparameter ultrasound study of the uterus and adnexa in the diagnostic algorithm of patients with secondary infertility.



Effectivenss of complex physical rehabilitation of infants with perinatal central nervous system injury
Abstract
Aim. To study the effectiveness of complex physical rehabilitation use in infants with perinatal central nervous system injury.
Methods. A complex examination of children with perinatal central nervous system pathology was performed. Based on identified changes, a method of children complex physical rehabilitation was developed, theoretically proved and tested, including manual relaxing massage and anti-gravity gymnastics. The study included 360 children of the first year of life. Massage was performed starting from 3-4 weeks of a child’s life, the procedure duration was 20-25 minutes. Antigravity gymnastics was performed for 3-4 minutes in children aged 1-2 months, 8-10 min - at the age of 3-4 months, 10-15 minutes - at the age of 5-6 months and older. Course consisted of 15-20 procedures, five times a week.
Results.. Effectiveness evaluation was conducted in two ways: objective and subjective. Objectively: the positive dynamics of neurological symptoms was reported, symptoms of brain hypoxia, regulatory systems tension index were significantly decreased, the sleep-wake ratio normalized, weight gain occurred. Subjectively: 360 parents of children up to 1 year were interviewed. 93.6±1.3% of the respondents were satisfied with quality of care. Omsk region inhabitants satisfaction was 95.45±1.1% and was higher than in Omsk (93.5±1.3%, p
Conclusion. The applied method of complex physical rehabilitation of children of the first year of life with perinatal central nervous system injury showed high efficacy in the absence of side effects and may be reproduced in any institutions where rehabilitation measures are performed.



Immune status in bronchopulmonary dysplasia
Abstract
Aim. To study cell-mediated and humoral immunity in bronchopulmonary dysplasia in children.
Methods. The inpatient and outpatient medical records of 103 children from the 1st day of life up to 3 years of age: 58 boys and 45 girls, were analyzed. T-lymphocytes helper and suppressor activity markers, the immunoregulatory index, B-lymphocytes markers, concentration of the three main immunoglobulins classes, pro- and anti-inflammatory interleukins, circulating immune complexes were determined.
Results.. The helper activity in exacerbation phase was at the lower limit of normal (42.1±0.9) and significantly increased in remission phase (52.6±0.8), without exceeding the reference values. CD8 lymphocytes percentage in the blood remained within the reference ranges both in exacerbation of inflammation and in remission phase. Immunoregulatory index was above normal both in the exacerbation and in the remission phases, reducing in remission phase. Pro-inflammatory interleukin-4 concentration in the exacerbation period exceeded reference values by 1.5 times and amounted to 21.0±0.6 pg/ml. In the remission phase its normalization (11.1±0.4 pg/ml) appeared. Interleukin-8 and interferon-γ levels in the exacerbation stage were significantly higher than normal and amounted to 70.3±1.2 and 15.1±0.4 pg/ml, respectively. The tumor necrosis factor concentration was at the upper limit of normal (19.54±0.29 pg/ml). The humoral immune response was characterized by a slight decrease in the immunoglobulin A level, some increase in immunoglobulin G and a significant increase in the circulating immune complexes concentration (109.5±6.6 units) in the exacerbation phase.
Conclusion. Pronounced immunosuppression is uncharacteristic for bronchopulmonary dysplasia; identified changes are an adequate immune response to viral and bacterial infection in the acute phase of disease.



Effectiveness of vitamin and mineral complexes in improving dental and physical health of adolescents
Abstract
Aim. To study the effect of vitamin and mineral complex intake on dental and physical health of adolescents.
Methods. 64 adolescents aged 14 years were examined. The dental caries intensity, oral hygiene index, periodontal tissues state and oral local immunity, the salivary calcium content, the number of respiratory infections during the year were evaluated. All patients were trained in oral hygiene. The main group included 30 adolescents who were prescribed vitamin and mineral complex containing coenzyme Q10, coral calcium, green tea extract, vitamins C, D3, A, B6, B9, B3, 2 courses during the year. 34 patient of comparison group did not receive any medications.
Results. It was found that adolescents, who were followed up, did not differ in clinical and immunological parameters before performing preventive measures. After 12 months, significant differences in oral hygiene, periodontal tissues state and all immunological parameters were registered between groups. Additionally, in saliva of children of the main group a significant increase in calcium content was revealed. An analysis of medical records data of adolescents showed that in the second group acute respiratory infections were registered 1.6 times less than in the comparison group. In addition, in the main group the number of missed school days due to the disease was 1.5 times less than in the group of children who did not receive vitamin and mineral complex.
Conclusion. Vitamin and mineral complex intake contribute to the improvement of local immunity and oral hygiene, periodontal tissues status, increase in the salivary calcium level and has a favorable effect on the adolescents overall health.



Optimization of oral hygiene in adolescents
Abstract
Aim. To establish the influence of controlled oral hygiene by optimizing the pressure on the toothbrush when brushing teeth in adolescents on their dental health.
Methods. The study involved 183 adolescents aged 15 to 18 years with the same dental status. The force applied onto toothbrush when cleaning teeth was determined in 95 adolescents who were examined at the beginning of follow-up. 88 adolescents, who were divided into two main groups, were further followed-up. The first group consisted of 51 adolescent who were trained to the rules of tooth brushing using the standard method, and the pressure force on toothbrush when brushing was monitored clinically (according to gingival mucosa reaction) and by using a measuring device. The control of force was performed every 3 months during one year. The data obtained during the preliminary examination of 95 adolescents (the first group) before the beginning of follow-up were the reference points of optimal pressure on the gingiva and teeth. The second group included 37 adolescents who were trained to the rules of the standard tooth brushing once at the beginning of the follow-up.
Results.. It was found that in prolonged control of hygiene habits with particular reference to the pressure power applied by toothbrush on the gingiva and teeth when brushing, clinical indicators characterizing the hygiene indicators and periodontal condition, change in the favorable direction.
Conclusion. Favorable pressure force on the gingiva and teeth when brushing teeth in adolescents is from 140 to 200 g/cm2.



The effect of fluoridated and iodized salt consumption by schoolchildren on acid solubility of permanent teeth enamel
Abstract
Aim. To study the acid solubility of enamel based on calcium and phosphorus from the enamel surface layer to the acid biopsy and test of enamel resistance indicators in school-age children in the presence of biogeochemical fluoride and iodide deficiency, as well as the changes in these parameters amid the 3-year fluoridated and iodized salt consumption.
Methods. Enamel solubility on calcium and phosphorus was evaluated based on calcium and phosphorus release from surface layer of permanent teeth enamel into acid biopsy. Test of enamel resistance was determined by V.R. Okushko method. The color intensity was assessed using standard 10-point blue color scale.
Results.. The effect of 3-year consumption of fluoridated and iodized (300±50 mg/kg fluoride, 40±10 mg/kg iodide) salt on the acid solubility of permanent teeth enamel in 155 schoolchildren, born and living in conditions of biogeochemical deficiency of fluoride (fluoride content in water 0.02-0.08 mg/l) and iodide (iodide content in water 3.38±5.07 g/l) was studied. Consumption of fluoridated and iodized salt during 36 months contributed to the maximal calcium and phosphorus release from the enamel surface layer to acid biopsy during the study period. At the end of the follow-up period in the main group of schoolchildren in relation to the control group, the calcium release from the enamel surface layer to acid biopsy was higher by 131.3%, phosphorus - by 114.5%.
Conclusion. The presence of fluoridated and iodized salt in the children diet leads to a decrease in the solubility of permanent teeth enamel and, consequently, to increase in resistance to acids.



Results of study of local immunity of the oral cavity in patients with fixed aesthetic dental prostheses and inflammatory periodontal diseases
Abstract
Aim. To study the state of local immunity of the oral cavity in patients with fixed aesthetic dental prostheses and inflammatory periodontal diseases.
Methods. 90 patients with fixed aesthetic dental prostheses and inflammatory periodontal diseases (main group) and 21 patients without dental prostheses and inflammatory periodontal disease (control group) were examined. Immunoglobulin A, sA, G, M, E classes, interleukin-4, -6 and -1β, interferon α contents in oral liquid were determined using enzyme immunoassay.
Results.. As a result of our study of immunoglobulins level in saliva in patients of the main and control groups an increase in the immunoglobulin A level, compared with the normal value, statistically significant increase in secretory immunoglobulin A were revealed; difference in the immunoglobulin G level was not determined. The increase in immunoglobulin E level in patients of the main group was determined. When studying the interleukins content in the oral fluid a statistically significant decrease in the concentration of IL-4 and increase in interleukin-6 and -1β content in patients of the main group were determined. The tendency to decrease in the interferon α content in the main group compared to the control group was registered.
Conclusion. In patients with fixed aesthetic dental prostheses and inflammatory periodontal diseases humoral immunity imbalance was identified, manifesting in changes of the immunoglobulin classes A, sA and E, interleukin-4, -6 and -1β contents in oral fluid.



Recurrent and residual cholesteatoma rates after different types of sanitation surgery on middle ear
Abstract
Aim. To compare the recurrent and residual cholesteatoma rates after four variants of sanitation operations on the middle ear (open and closed techniques, mastoidal cavity obliteration and posterior wall reconstruction using the allogeneic cartilage).
Methods. The study involved 231 patients: 123 men and 108 women aged 15 to 64 years. Patients were divided into four groups depending on the type of surgery. Patients of all groups were examined in the distant period - a minimum within 1 year (range 1-15 years). The surgery results were evaluated using otomicroscopy (OPMI Sensera microscope) by two parameters. The first parameter - the presence or absence of recurrent and residual cholesteatoma in postoperative period. The second parameter - «bad», adverse retraction pockets occurrence in postoperative period. We referred to them cases when the pocket was in medial section of the external auditory canal (i.e. closer to neotympanic membrane or tympanic membrane remnants), had a narrow or convoluted entrance (i.e. epidermal masses evacuation from pocket was difficult) and was filled with epidermal, sulfur or fungal masses.
Results. Open type of sanitation operation showed the lowest likelihood of cholesteatoma recurrence - 1.27%. Trepanation cavity obliteration method using fascial-muscle flap on the lower pedicle showed the highest rate of cholesteatoma recurrence - 33.33%.
Conclusion. The minimum probability of recurrent and residual cholesteatoma occurrence is characteristic for open type of sanitation operation; method of trepanation cavity obliteration using fascial-muscle flap is not recommended for use because of the high rate of adverse outcomes.



Clinical and functional characteristics of intraoperative motor evoked potentials monitoring in microdiscectomy
Abstract
Aim. To assess motor evoked potentials parameters in a complex of intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring at the time of discectomy for a herniated intervertebral disc under general anesthesia, to determine their dependence on age, sex, height.
Methods. Intraoperative motor evoked potentials monitoring during microdiscectomy under inhalational anesthesia was conducted in 43 patients for the herniated disc at L4-L5 or L5-S1 levels. In all patients, the herniated disc diagnosis was confirmed by the magnetic resonance imaging data. Monitoring was performed using the «Neuro-IOM» device («Neurosoft», Russia). Latency and amplitude of muscle response for m. abductor hallucis and m. tibialis anterior were analyzed.
Results.. The obtained data suggest that the motor evoked potentials allow to objectify the presence of motor disorders, which persist at the end of microdiscectomy. The data on the relationship between latency of muscles responses on the side of radiculopathy and the healthy side with patients’ age, body height and weight are obtained. The motor evoked potentials amplitude had a direct correlation with the patients’ body weight. Increase in latency of transcranial motor evoked potentials on the side of the clinical motor fall-out compared with the healthy limb was defined. Due to the expressed variability of motor evoked potentials responses amplitude under general anesthesia, significant differences for a given parameter were not obtained.
Conclusion. There is relationship between latency of motor evoked potentials and patients’ age, body height and weight; an increase in the latency of transcranial motor evoked potentials on the side of the clinical motor fall-out compared with the healthy limb was revealed.



Experimental medicine
Spectrum of produced GAG gene viral proteins in lymphocytes infected HIV-1 NL4-3 strains in vitro
Abstract
Aim. To study spectrum of viral proteins secreted into the culture medium by the healthy donor peripheral blood lymphocytes infected by HIV-1 NL4-3 strain in vitro.
Methods. We used a primary lymphocytes culture obtained from healthy donors. For synchronous infection of primary lymphocytes culture in vitro NL4-3 strain of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) (NIH AIDS Research & Reference Reagents Program, USA) was used. The HIV-1 titer in the supernatants was determined by enzyme immunoassay (EIA p24gag Coulter). In addition, electrophoresis of clarified culture medium proteins in 12.5% polyacrylamide gel under denaturing conditions followed by electron transport onto a nitrocellulose membrane; immunoblotting for detection of virus-specific proteins using positive control serum to HIV-1 («Bio-Rad») were performed; protein markers kits LMW 94-14.4 kD, HMW 212-53 kD («Pharmacia Biotech») were used to determine the seroactive fractions molecular weight.
Results.. HIV antigens spectrum in the culture medium was studied on the 4th, 9th and 13th days after lymphocyte culture infection with HIV. Within 13 days of virus reproduction both non-structural and structural proteins of HIV-1 gag gene are detected in the culture medium, spectrum and quantitative range of which varies with time. After 4 hours of HIV reproduction in primary lymphocytes culture in vitro large number of gag gene nonstructural proteins (p40, p55) are exported from cells into culture medium. Further, gag gene non-structural proteins may be cleaved into the structural proteins (p24/25, R18) under the cellular proteases action, which is caused by the proteolytic enzymes accumulation in the culture medium.
Conclusion. In HIV reproduction in primary lymphocytes cultures soluble forms of the HIV-1 gag gene proteins are secreted into culture medium; in the initial stages of the infection HIV proteins spectrum in the culture medium of lymphocytes activated with phytohemagglutinin in vitro consists of only the HIV-1 precursor proteins (p55, p40) and at a later stages - also of the gag gene viral capsid proteins (p24/25, R18).



Genetic markers of predisposition to oral lichen planus recurrence development
Abstract
Aim. To search for genetic markers of oral lichen planus development and recurrence risk based on the study of polymorphic variants of tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα rs1800630, rs1800629, rs361525) and interleukin-18 (IL-18 rs187238) genes in patients from the Volga-Ural region of Russia.
Methods. Standard methods of molecular genetic analysis were used in the study. Deoxyribonucleic acid was isolated from peripheral blood lymphocytes by deproteinization with phenol and chloroform. Genotyping of studied polymorphic loci was performed by real time polymerase chain reaction using TaqMan-competing probes. In order to identify the association of polymorphic loci in different models (additive, dominant, recessive, overdominant) the method of logistic regression was used.
Results.. Statistical analysis using logistic regression revealed that polymorphic locus rs187238 in IL-18 gene is associated with the risk of lichen planus development in a recessive model (p=0.042). In addition, the association of a polymorphic locus rs187238 in IL-18 gene with the recurrence risk was described: rs187238*C/C genotype is a genetic marker of increased risk of oral lichen planus recurrence (p=0.01). Analysis of the association of polymorphic loci rs1800630, rs1800629, rs361525 in tumor necrosis factor α gene with the disease severity and the recurrence risk did not reveal any statistically significant results.
Conclusion. The study results confirm the cytokine genes contribution to the oral lichen planus development and disease reccurrence.



Reviews
Personalized approach to the ovarian cancer treatment
Abstract



Combination of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: features of etiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, pharmacotherapy
Abstract



Features of intracardiac hemodynamics disoders in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease complicated by the chronic pulmonary heart disease development and methods for their medical correction
Abstract



Scrotal and penile epidermoid cysts
Abstract



Riboflavin use as photoprotector in laser corneal refractive surgery
Abstract



Role of P2 receptors in vascular tone regulation
Abstract



Heart rate variability in patients with chronic heart failure and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: clinical parallels
Abstract



Social hygiene and healthcare management
The factors affecting medical professionals health
Abstract



Assessing frequency of seeking emergency health service by patients
Abstract



Fatal case with fish bone: syncope causes and deontological aspects of patient management
Abstract



Clinical observations
Cholestatic hepatitis as a clinical mask of choledocholithiasis
Abstract



Method to increase sensitivity and specificity of computer-aided detection system for mammographic images in dense breast parenchyma
Abstract
Aim. To search ways to increase the diagnostic value of computer-aided detection of pathological lesions for mammography based on the principle of comparing the images of contralateral breasts.
Methods. Analysis of the diagnostic value of computer-aided detection of pathological lesions for mammography MammCheck 1.15 of our own design, which included asymmetric regions and the brightness transformation search algorithms, was performed. To test this system standard digital mammograms in craniocaudal and mediolateral oblique views of 117 patients with morphologically verified breast cancer (visualized as focal lesions with or without microcalcifications) and 114 patients who did not have malignant tumors, which was confirmed by the results of a 3-year follow-up, were used. All mammograms had a density 3-4 (C-D) according to the ACR classification. In 23 of the 117 patients, visualized changes corresponded to breast cancer were blur or generally not visible with unaided eye on standard mammograms.
Results.Method overall sensitivity was 80.3%, false positive rate - 13.2%. Sensitivity in identifying lesions with microcalcifications was higher (100%) compared to the lesions without microcalcifications (78.1%, p
Conclusion. The breast parenchyma density remains a problem for the computer-aided detection of pathological lesions in cancer diagnosis, especially when not accompanied by the microcalcifications, however, these systems can detect malignant lesions, which are invisible or barely visible in the standard study, and therefore their use is advisable as an option for a second or third mammograms reading.



Clinical experiences
Using axillary region myoplasty with the pectoralis minor muscle flap for seroma prevention after radical mastectomy
Abstract
Aim. To assess clinical effectiveness of axillary region myoplasty using pectoralis minor muscle flap as an achievable and easy in technical performance method for seroma prevention after radical mastectomy.
Methods. 545 patients aged 45 to 65 years (mean age 42.34±0.62 years) with stage I-II breast cancer, who were followed up from 2006 to 2014, were examined. Patients were divided into two groups: the main group included 256 women who underwent Patey’s mastectomy combined with axillary region myoplasty using pectoralis minor muscle flap (using the method developed by the authors in 2005-2006, and patented in 2010) and the control group consisted of 289 patients with Patey’s mastectomy.
Results.The total seroma volume for 14 days in patients of the main group was 76.3% less than that in patients without myoplasty (p
Conclusion. Axillary region myoplasty with pectoralis minor muscle is an effective method of prevention, leading to a decrease in the seromas volume and duration in the postoperative period, as well as hospitalization period reduction.



Temporary transvenous endocardial pacing: method of endocardial electrode reposition in the right ventricular cavity of the heart
Abstract
Aim. To justify and develop method of endocardial electrode reposition in the right ventricular cavity of the heart in the spontaneous termination of temporary pacing in patients with recurrent myocardial infarction.
Methods. A method of endocardial electrode reposition was used in 23 patients with myocardial infarction complicated by acute bradyarrhythmias. Written informed consent was obtained from all patients, and in the absence of contact with the patient, decision to insert temporary artificial pacemaker was made by medical consultation.
Results. A method of endocardial electrode reposition that provides threading the electrode from the venous bed to the right ventricular cavity of the heart, cardiac stimulation by electrical impulses and creation the new contacts between electrode and right ventricular endocardium of the heart using the same electrode, both in the presence and in absence of the heart conduction and excitation function, was developed. At the same time, it excludes the electrode dislocation from the right ventricular cavity of the heart, provides the electrode fixation with endocardium, and at the same time allows to impose a stable artificial heart rhythm in the shortest time. During the spontaneous termination of the effective artificial pacemaker, endocardial electrodes reposition enabled to promptly regain the heart rhythm control in all 23 patients with acute bradyarrhythmia of infarction genesis.
Conclusion. Effective and safe method of endocardial electrode reposition in the right ventricular cavity of the heart in the spontaneous termination of temporary pacing in patients with recurrent myocardial infarction was developed and introduced into clinical practice.



Roentengen-endovascular method of cerebral blood flow restoration in acute tandem occlusion of the internal carotid artery with embolism development in the middle cerebral artery
Abstract
Aim. This article proposes a roentgen-endosurgical method of performing intracranial arteries revascularization in acute tandem occlusion of the internal carotid artery with the distal embolism development in the middle cerebral artery.
Methods. In the period from 2007 to 2014 endovascular revascularization in the internal carotid artery acute thrombosis was performed in 18 patients. Tandem occlusion of the cervical, petrous, cavernous and terminal segments of the internal carotid artery (53.3%) was the most commonly diagnosed. Isolated occlusion of the internal carotid artery cervical segment was determined in 5 (33.3%) patients, of the terminal segment - in 3 (20%) cases. L- and T-types occlusion of the internal carotid artery terminal segment thrombosis frequency were comparable and amounted to 20%. In 5 patients the internal carotid artery tandem occlusion with the distal embolism development in the middle cerebral artery occurred. In this type of injury a method for blood flow restoration in middle cerebral artery without restoring antegrade blood flow in the internal carotid artery was developed and applied.
Results. Full blood flow restoration in the middle cerebral artery using this method was achieved in these patients in all cases. Complications associated with the intervention were not registered.
Conclusion. The proposed method can be used in patients with the internal carotid artery acute tandem occlusion and the distal embolism development in the middle cerebral artery; the use of this type of revascularization is possible in patients with well-developed communicating arteries that can provide an adequate perfusion volume in the middle cerebral artery.



History of medicine
To the 120th anniversary of the birth of the outstanding soviet pathomorphologist - associate professor N.F. poryvayev
Abstract



Conferences
Vserossiyskaya shkola «Aktual'nye problemy sovremennoy fiziologii»



Jubilees
90 years to Professor Aleksey Andreevich Agafonov



75 years to Professor Valeriy Yur’evich Al’bitskiy



Obituary
Professor Ernst Galimovich Ulumbekov



Professor Marsel’ Mirgayazovich Minnibaev


