Vol 82, No 3 (2001)

The results of treatment of 701 adult patients with congenital heart diseases from 1987 to 1997 are analyzed. As many as 248 operations with general postoperative lethality 3,2% are made. It is concluded on the necessity of improving the diagnosis of congenital heart diseases in children, especially in rural regions in relation to the high rate of inopportune revealing heart diseases resulting in the increase of the number of inoperable patients with pronounced pulmonary hypertension. The presence of symptoms or pronounced blood escape out of the left article into the right one in the absence of pulmonary hypertension is considered the indication to the radical correction of secondary defect of interatrial septum in adults. The radical heart disease correction in conditions of moderate hypotermy without artificial blood circulation is recommended in small secondary defect of interatrial septum

The respiratory function test and biochemical blood indices — mucinous 3EG5 antigene and eosinophil cation protein showing the bronchi reactivity state are studied in patients with outpatient pneumonia. It is established that the pneumonia course is characterized by delay of normalization of velocity indices in relation to volume finally resulting in transformation of disorders of the mixed type into obstructive. The significant increase of the level of the eosinophil cation protein is highly informative and sensitive indicator of the increase of bronchi reactivity. More pronounced and prolonged increase of the level of mucinous antigenereflecting mucous hypersecretion, aggravation of bronchi drenage function and strengthening bronchical obstruction are characteristic for lingering course of pneumonia

The results of radiotherapy of esophagus cancer in 127 patients are analyzed. It is noted that the life duration of patients depends on the incidence and localization of tumor process. The five-year survival of patients with esophagus cancer localized in the cervical and superthoracal parts of esophagus was 0. in the middle thoracal part was 3,2%, in the lower thoracal part was 11%, in all localizations was 4,7%. The immediate favourable result of radiotherapy was noted in 77% of the patients with esophagus cancer.

The level of systemic endotoxinemia and intensity of antiendotoxine humoral immunity in surgical treatment of acute diseases of extrahepatic biliary tracts are studied. Two groups of patients were examined. The patients with acute cholecystitis complicated by mechanical jaundice were in the first group, the patients with various forms of acute cholecystitis without disorders of bile outflow were in the second group. It is established that the high level of systemic endotoxinemia is found in patients with signs of mechanical jaundice in preoperative period, in this case the level of general blood bilirubine is directly correlated with the level of systemic endotoxinemia in both groups of patients. The decrease of humoral antiendotoxine immunity in preoperative period and its recovery in postoperative period are noted in patients with mechanical jaudice phenomena as the level of systemic endotoxinemia decreases and bile passage into intestine is recovered.

The results of the treatment of 4222 patients after planned (48,7%) and urgent (51,3%) surgical interventions are studied. Pyoinflammatory complications of postoperative wounds were developed in 539 patients. The reasons and risk factors of developing complications in this group of patients are determined by expert and sociologie investigations. The consequences of complications are estimated by the nature and terms of the treatment

The urgency of the problem of the treatment of calcaneus fractures is well-grounded. The peculiarities of the Elizarov transosseous osteosynthesis in the treatment of patients with various types of calcaneus fractures are shown. The analysis of remote results of the treatment of 50 patients with these fractures is carried out.

The tragic events of recent years have shown the need to radically rethink the approach to providing medical care to the population affected by peacetime emergencies. The very concept of “catastrophe” has acquired a very definite medical and organizational meaning today [33]. In the medical aspect, it is understood as a sudden, extremely dangerous event for the health and life of people, which caused a discrepancy between the acute need for medical care and the capabilities of the available forces and means of the medical service to provide it [36]. In this context, it is appropriate to note that the main thing in a disaster is not its size, but the available resources of survival [15]. That is why the early preparation for a meeting with the elements, allowing to resist the situation of confusion and chaos, is rightly called the cornerstone in the system of measures for the successful elimination of its consequences [26]. Even in small peacetime disasters (road accidents), due to low organization, lack of a clear action plan, and insufficient training of practitioners in extreme medicine, only about 50% of those in need receive emergency care [11]. It is obvious that the emergency requires a restructuring of the doctor's thinking from optimal individual to optimal collective medicine.

As many as 2551 families were examined in the conditions of the large industrial city. It is established that unfavourable factors of a mother during pregnancy correlate with 56 risk factors in a child aged 0—3. However the effect of antenatal factors decreases with age. These factors retain the correlation only with 26 risk factors of a child aged 12—15 (P<0,05).

Remote transmission of medical information has been carried out in our country since the late 60s. Let's recall, for example, the use of a regular phone to transmit an ECG. But only thanks to modern achievements in the field of telecommunications, the necessary conditions for full-fledged communication of specialists in real time have appeared. On March 6, 2001, the first TV show was held in the ICDC of Kazan with the connection of several telemedicine centers in Russia. Preparation for it was conducted for several years. It included the provision of modern types of digital communication, which made it possible to implement this project.

The high efficiency of lidasa ultraphonophoresis using the “Myustela” cream as a basis in the treatment of 185 patients of orthopedotraumatologic profile is shown. A wide application of this method is recommended.

Khabibulla Nurmukhametovich Amirov was born on May 18, 1901 in the village of Tat. Tashaevo of the Nurlatsky district of Tatarstan in a working peasant family. His early desire for knowledge prompted him to move to his brother in Chita as a child, where he graduated from the parish school of the 1st stage in 1916, and in 1923 from the parish school of the 2nd stage. Having shown outstanding performance, curiosity and a great thirst for knowledge over the years of study, after graduating from college, he was sent to continue his studies at the Medical Faculty of Kazan State University. From the very first days of his stay at the university, he takes up his studies with great zeal, paying great attention to a new and unfamiliar subject — normal human anatomy. However, experiencing great financial difficulties, he was forced to interrupt his studies at the university. From 1924 to 1927, the young man worked as a nurse in the Zabulachno-Pletenevsky skin and venereological dispensary of the Tatnarkomzdrav, and only after the appointment of a special family scholarship, he was able to continue his studies.

The main cause of mortality in emergency conditions (myocardial infarction, neurotrauma, etc.) is the untimely provision of emergency care at the pre-hospital stage (up to 60% of all cases). Severe complications leading to a fatal outcome in emergency conditions in the first hours and days from the onset of the disease are mostly associated with incorrect diagnosis and, therefore, incorrect tactics of medical workers during the initial treatment of patients (1.8%). They are often caused by the erased clinical picture of a particular condition.

The aim of this study was to study the content of retinol and a-tocopherol in the blood serum of children with chronic cholecystocholangitis, as well as to evaluate the effectiveness of traditional treatment and therapy with the use of the drug tykveola. The latter is a lipid complex of Cucurbita pepo pumpkin seeds, which contains phospholipids, bioflavinoids, carotenoids, tocopherols, some amino acids, iron, manganese, zinc and calcium.

We observed a case of chronic left-sided maxillary rhinosinusitis of tuberculous etiology. K., 57 years old, has been registered with the State Medical Institution "Phthisiology" for infiltrative pulmonary tuberculosis since 1998.He was repeatedly treated in a tuberculosis hospital and outpatient with short courses. In January 2000, he was admitted to the Kazan City Tuberculosis Hospital due to complaints of cough with scant sputum, weakness, shortness of breath during physical exertion; negative X-ray dynamics was also observed. After clinical, radiological, laboratory and bacteriological examination methods, he was clinically diagnosed with infiltrative tuberculosis of the upper lobe of the left lung in the phase of decay and contamination of CD (+).

The diagnosis of Liebman-Sachs endocarditis is difficult, since the clinical picture of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) has signs similar to other diseases, in particular with rheumatism and infectious endocarditis. The establishment of the etiology and pathogenesis of the defect determines the timeliness and effectiveness of the patient's treatment.

Onychomycosis is relatively rare in children. The prevalence of the disease is 0.2%. As the nail plate grows, the masses of the fungus in children shift to the free edge and are removed, that is, the low prevalence of onychomycosis in childhood is explained by faster nail regrowth.