Vol 35, No 10 (1939)

the people of our country look back at the path they have traveled. This is a path of gigantic victories and successes on all fronts of the struggle for communism.

Under the leadership of the glorious Bolshevik Party and the great Stalin, in place of the backward, impoverished and uncultured tsarist Russia, a powerful socialist industrial state with the most advanced socialized agriculture has been created.

In our country, slavery and exploitation, unemployment and poverty have been put to an end forever.

Viktor Konstantinovich Menshikov received his higher education at the medical faculty of Kazan University, graduating with honors in 1898.

In 1899, exactly forty years ago, V.K. began working at the Kazan Children's Clinic and has been fruitfully working there ever since, creating a school for Kazan pediatricians.

In the clinic of diseases of infancy, pneumonia occupies such a large place that it should be given no less attention than nutritional disorders. The frequency of pneumonia in infancy is well known. It depends, on the one hand, on the anatomical and physiological properties of the infant, and on the other hand, on a number of individual pathological conditions that make infancy especially vulnerable.

The issue of studying the etiology and epidemiology of gastrointestinal diseases is of paramount importance in improving the health of the population and eliminating gastrointestinal diseases.

For a number of years, the intestinal infections laboratory has been studying material sent from children's and infectious diseases hospitals, from consultations, outpatient clinics, etc. for dysentery.

At present, it can be considered a generally accepted view that the basis of the toxic dyspepsia syndrome is a violation of cellular metabolism, but the ways in which it occurs are still unknown. One of the most important aspects of the pathogenesis of intoxications is the question of the nature of those toxic substances that penetrate the blood through the damaged intestinal wall and cause a profound violation of intermediary metabolism.

The use of fermentative-acid mixtures for therapeutic purposes, in children with nutritional disorders, is widespread. Mechnikov's lactobacillin was once very successful. Recently, in the USSR and abroad, mainly in America, lactobacillin has given way to another lactic acid product, acidophilus milk.

The use of antitoxic serum in the treatment of patients with severe toxic scarlet fever has resulted in a significant reduction in mortality. However, the treatment of toxic scarlet fever remains an unsolved problem to this day, and the mortality rate for these forms reaches high figures. We are even more defenseless in the treatment of septic scarlet fever, since the use of antitoxic serum does not give good results in these forms. It is quite understandable that scientific thought is looking for new, more effective methods of treating scarlet fever.

For the diagnosis of typhoid fever, Vidal proposed in 1896 an agglutination reaction with the serum of patients, using a live culture of Ebert's bacillus as an antigen. A similar reaction was proposed in 1917 by Weil and Felix for typhus fever. Both of these reactions became well known, were widely used, and are still a very valuable diagnostic method.

Osteomyelitis of the ilium, like osteomyelitis of flat bones in general, is a rare disease, but compared to other flat bones, the ilium is more often affected by infection. Thus, Bergman observed osteomyelitis of the ilium in 137 cases (13.5%) out of 1008 cases of osteomyelitis of all bones; Klemm found localization of the process in the ilium in 26 cases (10%) out of 269 cases of osteomyelitis.

The question of the relationship of endocrine glands in the process of hormone formation still cannot be considered finally resolved. Interglandular or, more accurately, interhormonal correlations in both physiological and pathological conditions are so intertwined and complex that it is hardly possible to speak of an isolated dysfunction of one specific gland. An increase or decrease in the function of one gland invariably entails a dysfunction of one or a group of other glands. Of course, a huge role should be attributed here to the central nervous system, as a regulator of the complex relationships of the endocrine organs.

Pylorospasm is a severe disease of infancy, according to Getz it occurs in 2.7% of children under 1 year of age, but often goes under other diagnoses. The phenomena of pyloric obstruction consist in the fact that in children born healthy, full-term, 1-2 weeks after birth, against the background of complete health, vomiting appears, regardless of the quantity and quality of milk consumed, after a few days constipation appears, the amount of urine decreases, sometimes to complete anuria.

Described for the first time as a pure intestinal neurosis by Sairidal and Da Costa, mucomembranous colitis, upon more in-depth study, was considered by many authors as a catarrhal process - colitis, often complicated by a neurogenic component of a secondary nature, creating a certain uniqueness of the clinical syndrome. An intermediate place between these authors was occupied by Nothnagel, who was the first to express a dualistic view.