Vol 69, No 2 (1988)

Heart failure, complicated by the course of acute myocardial infarction, is one of the causes of death or disability of patients. Radiological studies performed directly in intensive care wards using mobile X-ray machines revealed acute left ventricular insufficiency of various degrees in acute myocardial infarction [3, 9]. However, there is disagreement about the frequency of acute left ventricular failure complication of myocardial infarction, especially in the first days of the disease, which can be explained by the use of different methods to determine this complication.

The aim of the study was to investigate the changes in cardiac stroke volume when peripheral vasodilators were used in the acute period of myocardial infarction complicated by heart failure. We examined 154 patients aged 60-90 years old in the acute period of myocardial infarction complicated by acute heart failure. Patients with arterial hypotension and rhythm disturbances, who required special therapy, as well as those delivered later than 24 h from the onset of the disease were not included in the study.

The aim of the present study was to study the effect of combined therapy with ß-blocker obzidan (40-80 mg per day) and cristepine (2-3 tablets per day) on central hemodynamics and indices of renin activity and blood plasma aldosterone level. We observed 67 patients with grade II hypertension aged 35 to 60 years. Hypertension was diagnosed by excluding all possible forms of symptomatic arterial hypertension. Its cerebral manifestations - headaches, dizziness, darkening of the eyes, nausea - dominated in the disease clinic.

The method of autovenous bypass grafting is widespread and is considered as one of the optimal options for surgical rehabilitation of regional circulation in occlusive lesions of the lower limb arteries. The use of augmentation to restore the transport function of the main arteries yields satisfactory immediate and long-term results. Thus, according to a number of authors, the use of bypass autovenous shunting in the femur-sacral segment, as well as in the arteries of the lower leg and foot allows avoiding amputation in 43-73% of cases.

We determined the prevalence of chronic inflammatory kidney diseases by a continuous staged examination of 8264 workers and employees of oil refineries: 4051 (49.0%) women and 4213 (51.0%) men aged 20-60 years. At the first stage we conducted a mass cumulative examination of the workers using a screening test for proteinuria, blood pressure measurement, and a questionnaire. At the second stage, persons with suspected kidney disease were examined in an outpatient clinic - Nechiporenko urinalysis was performed, the degree of bacteriuria was determined, and an examination with the history was made. Patients were consulted by specialists (gynecologist, urologist, otorhinolaryngologist, dentist, oculist). The third stage was an in-depth examination of the identified patients in a specialized municipal nephrological department in order to establish the diagnosis of nephropathy. The latter included a detailed interview with occupational history, detailed clinical examination, isotopic renography, and, if indicated, excretory urography.

Bladder neoplasms account for 4% of all cancers and about 50% of oncourological diseases, and in recent years there has been an increasing trend in their frequency. The results of bladder cancer treatment are primarily determined by the timely diagnosis, which is crucial for the choice of surgical treatment method. Preoperative underestimation of the tumor stage and diagnostic errors are considered to be one of the main reasons for the unsuccessful results of bladder treatment.

The effect of irrigation of the oral cavity with 10% xylitol solution on the development of dental caries was evaluated in an experiment on animals receiving cariesogenic diet. The study was conducted on 123 30-day-old white mongrel rats for 120 days. The 1st group of animals kept on a cariesogenic diet according to IA Begelman et al. [2] served as a control. Group 2 received the same cariesogenic diet, but 10% sucrose was replaced with xylitol. Group 3 animals, who were also on a cariesogenic diet, had their mouths irrigated with a 10% solution of xylitol.

According to the materials of the maxillofacial department the patients with odontogenic inflammatory diseases among all hospitalized in 1985 amounted to 31% against 21,4% in 1976. 3,6%. Discrepancies in outpatient and inpatient diagnoses were observed in 18.1% of cases. In addition, inaccuracies in diagnoses on admission and discharge from the hospital were found in 8% of patients. Repeated surgical interventions were performed in 24.2% of cases according to indications.

X-ray diagnosis of closed traumatic injuries of the facial skull is a difficult task due to the complexity of its anatomical structure. Improvement of technique and technique of X-ray examination changes the former idea about the nature of facial cranial traumatic injuries. The purpose of this work was to determine and clarify the nature of injuries to the facial skull and its components and to carry out their differential diagnosis. The role and possibilities of each of the radiological methods of examination of the injured appeared to be of no small importance.

We studied diagnostic value of different methods of bronchopulmonary pathology research, identified the optimal number of methods for diagnosing destructive processes in the lungs, analyzed economic parameters of one or another method in order to optimize and efficiently use available equipment in the recognition of destructive processes in the lungs. We examined 240 patients with lung diseases in the pulmonology and thoracic departments. From them we chose 100 patients in whom the diagnosis was verified by postoperative biopsy (48), aspiration biopsy and cytology (52).

The treatment of hypertrophic gingivitis in adolescence is difficult and often accompanied by recurrences. There are recommendations on the exposure mode of the helium-neon laser, which inhibits cell proliferation with a photosensitizer, for the treatment of chronic hypertrophic gingivitis. We studied the efficacy of laser therapy in juvenile gingivitis. We treated 10 patients aged 16 to 18 years with the edematous form of hypertrophic gingivitis. Four of them had grade I hypertrophy of gingival papillae and six had grade II hypertrophy.

We conducted a clinical and experimental study aimed at identifying the dependence of dental caries development on iron deficiency anemia. Experiments were performed on 80 non-pedigreed rats divided into three groups. Animals of the 1st group received cariesogenic diet according to I.A. Begelman with sufficient iron in salt mixture recommended by the Institute of Nutrition of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR. Animals of the latter two groups were given the same cariesogenic diet, but in group 2 rats the mineral supplement contained twice as little (50%) iron, and there was no iron in the mixture for group 3 rats at all.

Myxomas make up about half of benign cardiac tumors. They develop more often from the walls of the left atrium, located on the stalk, and occur under the mask of rheumatic heart disease, pericarditis, idiopathic myocarditis, pulmonary thromboembolism, acute cerebral circulatory disorders.

The aim of our work was to estimate the state of fucoglycoprotein and sialoglycoprotein secretion in duodenal ulcer disease. We examined 125 patients aged from 16 to 60 years divided into five groups. The 1st group included 29 patients (17 men and 12 women) with acute exacerbation of peptic ulcer disease; the 2nd group included 20 patients (11 men and 9 women) with moderate exacerbation of the disease; the 3rd group included 21 patients (11 men and 10 women) with clinical remission; the 4th group included 38 patients (18 men and 20 women) with exacerbation of chronic acute cholelithiasis. The 5th control group included 17 (10 men and 7 women) healthy people. The duration of the disease varied from one year to 20 years.

In order to clarify the pathogenetic role of blood coagulation disorders and fibrinolysis in the progression of pyelonephritis we studied all phases of blood coagulation and fibrinolysis in 55 patients (men - 16, women - 39). Patients ranged in age from 17 to 77 years, most of them were between 20 and 40 years old. Acute pyelonephritis was diagnosed in 12 patients, in 43 - chronic pyelonephritis in the acute stage without signs of renal failure. The duration of chronic pyelonephritis ranged from one to 10 years.

The aim of this study was to investigate the outcomes of viral hepatitis A and B at early (after 1 month) and late (after 1 year) periods after hospital discharge. One month after discharge from hospital 217 patients with mild and moderate forms of viral hepatitis A and B were examined. There were 166 recurvalescents of viral hepatitis A aged 17 to 30 years old, 83 of whom had had a mild form of the disease and 83 a moderate one. There were 51 reconvalescents of viral hepatitis B at the age of 22-60, who had a moderate form of the disease.

At the present time in the treatment of peptic ulcer disease of the stomach and duodenum the pyloroanthral gastric demucosalization is applied. Reduction of secret-producing function of the stomach is also achieved in case of small curvature zone demucosalization with subsequent suturing of mucosal defect. Although subtotal mucosectomy is accompanied by persistent decrease in hydrochloric acid secretion, however it has not found clinical application due to its traumatic and unphysiological character. It should be noted that gastric demucosalization is not without its negative sides: it is not aseptic, because the lumen of the stomach is opened; it is associated with difficulties of suturing the gastric mucosa; there is also a risk of bleeding from the submucosa in extensive mucosectomies. The aim of our research was the experimental development of new methods of surgical interventions on the stomach by resection of its submucous-mucous membranes with preservation of serous-muscular membranes, pyloric jejunum and structures innervating them.

We analyzed the case histories of 290 patients with gastric (259) and colorectal (31) cancer. Among them there were 150 women and 140 men. The majority of patients (88.4%) were between the ages of 40 and 69 years. All patients underwent radiological and endoscopic examination. Total gastric carcinoma was found in 35.9% of patients, in the distal part in 40.3%, in the proximal part in 20.9%, and in the body of the stomach in 2.9%. Transverse colon cancer was diagnosed in 71.0% of patients, and rectal cancer in 29.0%.

Complete prolapse of the uterus, bladder and rectum is a very serious condition that can lead to disability. In such cases, surgical intervention is the only method to relieve a woman from excruciating suffering. Due to the insufficient reflection of the surgical tactics in such a situation, we present our observation with the description of the surgical management plan.

In the treatment of diseases of the cardiovascular system, as in other diseases, the prescription of vitamins is an additional, but important factor. However, only a strictly differentiated approach to vitamin therapy, taking into account all the features of a particular disease, the provision of the patient's body with vitamins and the strict use of their pharmacodynamic action guarantees the proper effect.

We propose a cylinder-pen for sterilization and storage of spokes used for osteosynthesis. The device corresponds to the sizes of spokes produced by the medical industry and consists of two hollow cylinders: an external one (with a sealing lid) and an internal one. The latter holds 40 spokes and has 5 mm diameter holes in its walls which allow the free flow of boiling water. Once the sterilization of both cylinders is completed, the inner one (containing the spokes) is sealed observing all aseptic rules.

In obstetric practice, cerebral edema develops in severe forms of late toxemia of pregnant women and is one of the dangerous complications. Its pathogenesis is associated with disorders of water-electrolyte metabolism, increased osmotic pressure, slowed blood flow, etc. All these factors are observed in toxemia of edematous renal character in pregnant and parturient women. Consequently, in the occurrence of acute cerebral edema in pregnant and parturient women play a role mainly severe forms of nephropathy, preeclampsia, eclampsia, hypertension.

The book under review consists of 6 chapters, a conclusion and a list of references. Based on the literature and many years of their own experience, the authors consistently disclose the clinical and biochemical nature of liver failure and methods of medical care.

In March 1988 he was 80 years old and 55 years of medical, scientific, pedagogical and social activities of Merited Scientist of the RSFSR and TASSR, Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor Midhat Kharisovich Fayzullin.

Two aspects of the problem were discussed at the All-Union Conference with participation of representatives from other countries: "Epidemiology and Diagnostics of Echinococcosis" and "Surgical Treatment of Human Echinococcosis". State significance of this problem is explained by high frequency of primary forms of echinococcosis, complications, relapses and polyorganic pathology (B.V. Petrovsky, O.B. Milonov, Moscow; L.S. Yarotsky, V.B. Martynenko, Moscow; K. Schmidt, GDR; T. Stoyanov, Bulgaria).

The National Congress of Pediatric Dentists of the GDR was attended by over 500 specialists from the GDR and representatives of the USSR, Czechoslovakia, the People's Republic of Poland, the People's Republic of Bulgaria, the Federal Republic of Germany, the SFRY, Finland, and Switzerland. The Soviet delegation was represented by Prof. T.F. Vinogradova (Moscow), Prof. Kh.M. Sayfullina (Kazan), doc. R. J. Tsare (Riga), Dr. O. P. Maksimova and Dr. O. A. Prokusheva (Moscow).

By the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the TASSR Oleg Sergeevich Kochnev, Professor, Head of the Department of Emergency Surgery and Alexander Yurievich Ratner, Professor, Head of the Department of Pediatric Neuropathology of Kazan V.I. Lenin Institute for Advanced Training of Physicians, were awarded the honorary title of Honored Scientist of the TASSR for their fruitful scientific and pedagogical activities.