Vol 78, No 4 (1997)

The achievements of the department in the field of the science of medicine are the fruit of the efforts of its distinguished individual representatives, renowned medical scientists, as well as of the staff as a whole. The remarkable tradition of delivering commemorative speeches provides an opportunity to reflect on the past and, by analyzing the present, to look to the future.

The echocardiographic examination of 78 patients with chronic pulmonary diseases and 85 patients with various stages of cardiac and pulmonary insufficiency is performed. As many as 28 patients without cardiac and pulmonary diseases are examined as a control group. A group of patients (20) with combination of chronic cardiac and pulmonary diseases is stood out. The results of the investigations revealed the reliable changes of the echocardiographic indices that can be used for the differential diagnosis of chronic cardiac and pulmonary insufficiency.

The invaginational and valvular choledochoen-teroanastomosis that has explicit advantages as compared with similar types of anastomoses is suggested. The histologic specimens of choledochoenteroanastomosis place prove a clinical picture of its complete healing and normal functioning, lack of cicatrization and reflux of enteric contents in choledochs. The anastomosis type recommended can be used in clinical conditions for reconstructive operations on biliary tracts.

The different nosologic forms of neurogenous gastrointestinal dyskinesias and urinary bladder disfunctions are described, it is the author's opinion that the bases for them are the unified patogenetic neurogenous mechanisms of development.

The utility of the application of reflexotherapy in endoscopic operations of gynecology is shown. The injection of physiologic solution into the points of the auricle floor and along its perimeter potentiates premedication, general anesthesia, decreases the use of narcotic analgetics and provides the prevention of postoperative complications. The registration of cutaneogalvanic response offers a criterion of anesthesia adequacy.

The comparison of the treatment efficiency of patients with Flexner's 2a dysentery with fluochinolones (in peroral and parenteral administration) and antibacterial drugs of other groups is performed. The antibiotic sensitivity of Flexner 2a Shigella strains evolved from patients with midgrave and grave forms of dysentery (during life and postmortelly) using the methods of disks and serial cultivation is studied. It is established that the largest sensitivity of Flexner 2a Shigella is expressed in tarivid that is a highly effective antibacterial drug for the treatment of patients with midgrave and grave course of Flexner's dysentery. There is significant resistance of Flexner 2a Shigella to the traditionally used antibacterial drugs for the treatment of dysentery.

The peculiarity of syphilis course in the present — day stage is the affection of internal organs, visual and audition organs. The rarity and lack of the affection specific clinical picture of visual and audition organs in early forms of syphilis can be a result of diagnostic errors. The observations presented testifies that the variety of the clinical picture of syphilis is not adequately studied by physicians of particular specialities.

Myopia is a type of refractive error of the eye characterized by the fact that the rays from the image of objects gather in focus before reaching the retina, in front of it. Divergent rays fall on the retina and create light scattering circles. To reduce these, people with myopia squint their eyes.

In 152 patients with pulmonary-broncho-pleural complications (PBLS) developing against the background of surgical sepsis, rational antibiotic therapy was administered. Before laboratory microflora examination, 2 antibiotics were prescribed, and 3 antibiotics were prescribed for anaerobic sepsis, based on the clinical assumption of the pathogen type. Broad-spectrum antibiotics (claforan, amikacin, gentamicin, metronidazole, etc.) were used. After laboratory investigation, according to the bacteriogram data, targeted antibiotic therapy was switched to.

The treatment of ligature fistulas is a rather difficult task. According to most authors, a frequent mistake is prolonged conservative treatment, including physiotherapeutic methods. The attempt to remove the cause of local suppuration, i.e. ligature, with a clamp is also considered flawed: this method can cause severe complications associated with damage to internal organs, so it is correct and safer to excise the fistula in hospital conditions. At the same time this method of treatment inevitably causes bleeding from the damaged vessels, which requires their ligation, i.e. it creates conditions for the reappearance of fistulas.

Various methods have been proposed for surgical correction of venous valve insufficiency. Extravasal correction with framework elastic spirals (A.N. Vedensky) is the most widespread. The disadvantage of this method is empirical selection of the spiral diameter for correction of venous valve incompetence.

The social and hygienic aspects of mortality of infants aged 1 to 4 years based on the cases of death of 201 infants in Kazan for 1990—1994 are studied. The data presented can serve as initial information for the program and special planning of infantile mortality decrease in Kazan and help pediatricians in the determination of the groups of infants for observation.

The Medical Faculty of Kazan University was opened on May 2 (14), 1814. Up to 1888 this faculty was the only higher medical educational institution on the vast territory of our country, covering the basins of Volga and Kama, Ural, Siberia, Far East, Caucasus and Central Asia. Many Ural physicians, later famous medical scientists, were educated at Kazan University: A.A. Mislavsky, P.V. Rudanovsky, P.V. Kuznetsky, B.I. Kotelansky, B.P. Kushelevsky and A.T. Lidsky.

The letter I have written is, in fact, an extended annotation of a painting created on my subject by the famous Kazan artists S.V. Neustroev and V.M. Popov. It has cognitive value for practicing physicians, young teachers, and students because it provides biographical information about major anatomists.

In recent years the pharmacy service of RT has undergone significant structural and qualitative changes due to the processes of denationalization and privatization. More than 70 pharmacies acquired the status of a legal entity, including pharmacy № 350. In the conditions of the transition period the problem of improving pharmaceutical care to the population, as well as increasing the economic stability of pharmacies become extremely urgent. To solve these problems there is a search for new forms and methods of organizing the work of pharmacies.