Vol 81, No 2 (2000)

Currently, according to WHO, at least 70% of drugs on the world market are duplicates or are not vital drugs. A number of drugs have an unfavorable balance of risk and effect. According to indications, many new drugs do not meet the basic needs of the majority of the population; they are much more expensive than existing drugs. A stable trend in recent years on a global scale is an increase in the cost of drugs, according to WHO experts, by an average of 20% per year, and those that are most often used by the majority of the population (antiulcer, antihypertensive drugs and antibiotics) [1]. In such conditions, the problem of rational use of drugs becomes extremely urgent. In daily practice, doctors need to make the choice of a drug for a particular patient, thereby ensuring the maximum therapeutic effect at a reasonable cost. This choice of medicinal product must be scientifically based.

The financial and economic analysis of the pharmaceutic institutions of Tatarstan is performed. It is established that in conditions of deficiency of turnover means the pharmaceutic institutions do not use bank credits. The concrete model of using bank credit for increasing the efficiency of pharmacy activities, availability and quality of medicinal aid to population is suggested.

The socialogic studies among pharmaceutic institutions managers, chemists and pharmacists are carried out. The positive attitude of these employees to privatization was revealed by questionnaire. However, as for now the pharmacetic managers prefer transition of the property in the form closed joint- stock company as more gradual way of reforms.

The various forms of accounts used in financing practical health system as a factor determining the formation of prices on medical products are studied. The practical experience of organizing purchases of medical products using various forms of accounts is analyzed. The possibility of the effect on the reduction of prices of medical products in nonmonetary payments including interpayments, barter is shown on the concrete examples. The neccesity to study raw material market for using the industrial potential of the region providing delivery of medical products at prices lower than market ones is shown. The recommendations on optimizing the schemes of delivery of medical products into medical prophylactic institutions with maximum economy of budget means are suggested.

Collagen metabolism parameters are studied in 48 females aged 17—53 with iron-deficiency anemia. This protein metabolism state is estimated on the basis of determining the concentration of free and peptide- and protein-connected hydroxyproline forms in plasma and gastric juice of the patients. The significant decrease of this protein anabolism processes is revealed in relative predominance of this catabolism in the organism of the observed patients.

The pharmacoepidemic analysis of 500 clinical charts of children aged 1 day to 15 years on the basis of 7 pediatric polyclinics is earned out. If the indications and quality of prescribing antibacterial drugs in acute respiratory viral infections are taken into account, their injustified use is established in 36,5% of the cases, the discrepancy between standard doses on a number of drugs is established in 33—61,5% of the cases. This justifies the necessity of phamiacoepidemic monitoring of pharmacotherapy of patients with acute respiratory viral infections.

The comparicon of diagnostic possibilities of x- ray computer tomography and magnetic resonance tomography in detecting disseminated sclerosis and its evolution is performed. Demyelinizating foci in the second examination method are revealed twice as often than in the first examination method at the expense % of the double relaxation. Selection of the treatment tactics and prediction of disseminated sclerosis determine various forms of its course.

The importance of hepatobiliar scintigraphy in the diagnosis of complications in early postoperative period in patients operated for cholelithiasis is considered. The high efficiency of this noninvasive method as compared with ultrasonography is shown.

The results of the treatment of 645 patients with the large intestine diverticulum (women — 65,4%, men — 34,6%) are analyzed. As many as 54,4% of the patients were hospitalized in case of emergency, 45,6% of the patients — in planned cases. The conservative treatment was given to 82,5% of the patients, the operative theatment — to 24,8% of the patients. In the hyperkinetic type of intestine motility, preference was given to low invasive operations conserving organs (in 28 cases the Reilly and Hodgson laparoscopic seromyotomt were carried out, in 17 cases — through miniaccess), in the hypokinetic type the various kinds of large intestine resections were carried out (in 20 cases). In cases of emergency depending on the general state of a patient, nature and incidence of the pathologic process, the possibility of choosing various intervention methods is presented (in 29 cases — the primary resection with anastomosis was carried out).

The psychologic aspects of forming the personality of a child under school age with chronic, disease such as allergy are studied. The basic psychologic factors, determining the peculiarities of “social development situation” of children with allergy are revealed. The importance of personal features of parents in forming the personality of a sick child is emphasized.

The use of the new home-made drug — ximedone in combined therapy of patients with psoriasis is justified. Its immunosimulating effect, normalizing influence on the immune status indices, the absence of side effects are shown making it possible to recommend ximedone for the treatment of patients of any age.

Among the drugs that prevent the development of mental illness, the consequences of epilepsy and cerebral palsy, the use of neurotropic drugs in various dosage forms (DF) is considered promising and expedient [1, 4–9, 18]. Over the past 10-15 years, a large number of publications have been accumulated on the achievements in the development of highly active neurotropic drugs, which served as an impetus for the study of their pharmacological activity and mechanism of action. Nevertheless, among specialists involved in the search and development of nootropics, there is no single point of view regarding the classification of this group of drugs, which makes it very difficult to assess the drug market [5]. So, along with antidepressants, tranquilizers, anxiolytics and neuroleptics, in France, nootropics are referred to as psychotropic drugs, in Japan - to CNS stimulants, in Italy - to analeptics [6]. About 60 leading pharmaceutical companies in various countries of the world are engaged in the search and research of nootropic drugs [6].

Transdermal absorption of medicinal substances (LP) proceeds as a two-stage process, consisting of penetration of drugs from dosage forms (LF) into the skin and absorption itself [4]. In biopharmaceutical studies, when choosing the optimal composition of dermal DF and studying the role of pharmaceutical factors affecting the release of drugs from LF, dialysis methods (equilibrium and flow) are widely used, designed to simulate both stages of transdermal absorption. A number of requirements are imposed on model membranes, which are a diffusion barrier: they must have an insignificant thickness and a small internal volume so that the amount of LS remaining in it is minimal; be sufficiently resistant to mechanical stress so that during the experiment its integrity is not violated; should provide a correlation between the results of experiments in vivo and in vitro [5, 6, 10].

In the practice of anticonvulsant therapy, a significant arsenal of drugs is used. In recent years, it has been established that nitrogen-containing derivatives of trichloromethylpropanoic acid are mainly low-toxic compounds with pronounced anticonvulsant and anti-tremor effects. Among them, one can distinguish a new original biologically active substance habutamine - 1,3dichloro-2-chloromethylaminopropane hydrochloride, obtained at the Kazan Research Institute of Chemical Products. Based on the pharmacological effect of gabutamine, studied at the Department of Pharmacology of the KSMU, and the possibility of its use in all age groups, a rational dosage form was proposed - rectal suppositories.

The labour conditions, actual alimentation and biochemical indicators of the health state of workers repairing railway tracks are studied. The revealed peculiarities of the alimentary status are the basis for developing the hygienic recommendations on alimentation optimization, their health improvement.

At the turn of the century, 25 years have passed since that significant day, when in 1975 the first admission of students to the Faculty of Pharmacy of the Kazan State Medical University (then - the Institute) was carried out. The need to create such a faculty was dictated by the fact that the pharmaceutical faculties and institutes of the Soviet Union that existed by that time could not meet the needs of the Republic of Tatarstan and neighboring regions in highly qualified pharmaceutical specialists. Its opening in Kazan was associated with the presence of a higher medical educational institution with an established pharmacological school, an internationally recognized scientific school of organic chemists headed by academicians A.E. Arbuzov and B.A. Arbuzov, a developed chemical industry, as well as a large chemical and pharmaceutical enterprise. However, no matter how favorable these factors were, by themselves they could not lead to a positive outcome in the creation of the Faculty of Pharmacy. This event was destined to come true thanks to the initiative of several specific people, supported by the entire emerging teaching staff of the faculty.

In March 2000, the Allergology Department of the Kazan State Medical Academy and the Allergological Service of the Republic of Tatarstan celebrated its 30th anniversary. Created on the initiative of the rector of GIDUV prof. THEM. Rakhmatullina with the support of Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences A.D. Ado, the department became the first base for the training of allergists in the USSR.