


Vol 35, No 8 (1939)
- Year: 1939
- Published: 15.08.1939
- Articles: 29
- URL: https://kazanmedjournal.ru/kazanmedj/issue/view/9033
On the rational treatment of acute rheumatism
Abstract
The construction of rational therapy presupposes the knowledge of the etiology of the disease. Under this condition, it is possible to raise the question of specific treatment. In this respect, the problem of rational therapy in acute rheumatism presents great difficulties, since there is no consensus on the etiology of the disease. It is undisputed that acute rheumatism is an infectious disease. The view of many researchers that acute rheumatism is caused by a type of streptococcus is not generally accepted. Attempts to obtain a culture of the specific causative agent of acute rheumatism are still in progress.



Rheumatism according to the clinic
Abstract
In view of the fact that, according to a number of authors, previous infections are of great importance in the onset of rheumatic disease, it seemed interesting to us to trace anamnestic data regarding previous infections in 3 groups of our rheumatic patients: 1) in a group with only joint disease but no endocardial involvement (no valve malformations), 2) in a group with clearly expressed valve changes and with joint disease either previously suffered or developed by the time of admission to the clinic, and finally, 3) in a group of patients with valve malformations but no history of articular rheumatism. In each of these groups the rheumatic process took a special, peculiar course, and it was therefore of interest to find out whether different preparation - sensitization - by different agents was of importance.



Electrocardiogram changes in acute rheumatism in children
Abstract
We examined 264 rheumatic children aged 4 ½ to 16 years who were under the supervision of the children's clinic and polyclinic of the Kazan State Institute for Advanced Medical Education named after V. I. Lenin. V. I. Lenin. Our patients were distributed by age as follows: 23 children under 10 years of age, 214 from 10 to 14 years of age, and 27 from 14 to 16 years of age. Of these, 76 were inpatients and 188 were observed on an outpatient basis. The observation lasted from May 1937 to May 1939.



Abdominal syndrome in rheumatism in children
Abstract
In recent years, the idea of the onset of Buyo's disease in the form of an acute attack of polyarthritis as the first stage of the disease has undergone significant changes. Along with sharply delineated clinical forms, sometimes there is a peculiar onset of rheumatic process, simulating acute appendicitis.



On the cellular response of the body in acute rheumatism
Abstract
The modern view of acute rheumatism as a disease with an underlying allergic state of the organism is shared by most authors. Aschoff first noted in acute rheumatism the formation of specific granulomas in the myocardium. Subsequent studies by Talalaev, Klinge and others made it possible to establish a certain regularity in the development of Aschoff granulomas (stage of disorganization of connective tissue, stage of proliferation and stage of sclerosis development). These anatomo-histological changes observed in acute rheumatism are similar to the changes in the inflammatory focus of sensitized animals, on the basis of which most authors recognize that acute rheumatism has in its basis an allergic character of the disease.



Complement titer in rheumatic diseases
Abstract
Some authors consider rheumatism to be an infectious disease with a specific, as yet unexplained nature of the causative agent (Schottmüller's infectious theory, the oral sepsis of American authors). Others, however, believe that it is an allergic disease, as pointed out by Weintraud long ago. In recent years the allergic theory of rheumatism has been solidly established by the work of Klinge and his school and by Alpern. The notion of a known quantitative change in immunizing processes in the sense of an insufficient height of the antibody titer in the juices and cells of the body is associated with the concept of "allergic state of the organism" (Zeman).



Experience of combined treatment of rheumatic and infectious polyarthritis
Abstract
On the basis of a large experimental material A.D. Speransky came to the conclusion that the basis of the development of acute rheumatism, as well as other infectious diseases, such as scarlatina, diphtheria, etc., are the primary pathological changes in the nerve cell, and the rheumatic lesion of organs is already a secondary reflection of this process in the periphery (joints, etc.).



Takata-Ara reaction in allergic conditions
Abstract
It is known that the liver is an organ with many functions directly related to digestion and metabolism. The liver participates in blood circulation, in water metabolism. The glycogenic function of the liver has been proven by the brilliant experiments of Claude-Bernard. The urinary function and the important role of the liver in fat metabolism have been established. The liver participates in pigment metabolism (iron metabolism); regulates acid-base balance. The value of the liver is not limited to the above: antitoxic and thermogenic liver functions can be considered established. The liver also takes a significant part in redox processes. The role of the liver in blood clotting is well known. In addition, the liver contains a reticular-endothelial apparatus.



On the role of X-ray imaging in the diagnosis of myocardial infarction
Abstract
Timely and accurate recognition of myocardial infarction is not only of theoretical interest, but also of great practical importance, as it determines therapy.
The typical clinical picture of myocardial infarction (status anginosas, acute heart failure, pericarditis, temperature and leukocyte reaction, acceleration of erythrocyte sedimentation) is not found in all cases, pain syndrome is sometimes absent, or it is so poorly expressed that it recedes into the background.



On the Ayerza's syndrome in pulmonary artery sclerosis
Abstract
In his article "On the diagnosis of pulmonary artery sclerosis (Ayerza's disease)“ (Kaz. med. journal, No. 7, 1938) we have already pointed out that it is impossible to put an equal sign between the so-called. Ayerza's disease and pulmonary artery sclerosis. If sclerosis of the pulmonary artery, which is found on the section quite often (according to Moshkovich in 6.5% of all cases) was always accompanied by such a vivid clinical symptom complex as described by Ayerza, it would not be difficult to diagnose it. In fact, a lifetime diagnosis of pulmonary artery sclerosis is very rare. This is due to the fact that pulmonary artery sclerosis is not always accompanied by the clinical picture described by Ayerza, so we have to talk not about the disease, but about Ayerza's syndrome.



Acute fluctuations in blood pressure in hypertensive patients under the influence of hyperventilation
Abstract
As is known, there is a close relationship between blood circulation and respiration, which is what some functional tests are based on. According to Einbrod, with frequent and shallow breathing, the aortic pressure does not change; deep breathing causes fluctuations in blood pressure (Borisova and Lyass). Henderson speaks about the connection of hyperventilation with blood pressure as early as 1908 (citation. by Holden and Priestley). He managed to induce shock in animals by prolonged hyperventilation of the lungs. With increased ventilation, CO2 is washed out, its content in blood and tissues decreases, as a result, alkalosis occurs, causing changes in blood circulation.



About spontaneous pneumothorax in a healthy person
Abstract
Spontaneous pneumothorax (SP) in pulmonary tuberculosis, pneumonia, abscesses, lung gangrene is not uncommon, and in such cases it is usually not difficult to diagnose and determine its etiology.
But there are cases of SP in people who are completely healthy, and the appearance of SP cannot be associated with any previous disease. Usually, SP is manifested by sudden sharp pain in the chest when breathing, moving, raising hands; pain sometimes radiates to the shoulder, to the stomach area; shortness of breath is noted; sometimes there is fever. The faster the process occurs, the more pronounced these symptoms are.



A case of spontaneous pneumothorax of non-tuberculous origin
Abstract
On December 1, 1936, a patient P-ko, 30 years old, a sailor of a fishing vessel, came to an outpatient appointment complaining of pain in the "pit of the stomach" and in the left side and vomiting, regardless of food intake. Of the diseases he has suffered, he remembers recurrent typhus, furunculosis and minor injuries.



On metastatic heart cancer
Abstract
Primary and secondary tumors of the heart are the rarest of all generally benign and malignant neoplasms of the human organism, and therefore each new case is of interest because of the clinical features with which it is accompanied. The following case deserves attention not only because of the localization of the neoplasm in the myocardium, but also because of the extraordinary multiplicity of metastases, apparently originating from the pancreas.



A case of visceral syphilis and cardiac malformation of combined etiology
Abstract
The described case of visceral syphilis is of interest from our point of view, both in terms of differential diagnosis and in terms of combined rheumatic and luetic heart disease with simultaneous specific central nervous system involvement.
Patient V., 53 years old, foreman of a tramway park, came to hospital No. 24 on 2/IV-38 with complaints of dyspnea during physical exertion, weakness, chest pains. He felt sick on 15/III-38, when shortness of breath when climbing stairs and pains in the heart area appeared.



Complication of giardiasis treatment with osarsol
Abstract
Osarsol is a complex organic compound of arsenic (para-oxy-acetamido-phenyl-arsinic acid), synthetically obtained by Gosmedtorgprom in 1924 and commercialized in tablets of 0.25 g for internal administration as an antisyphilitic agent. Doses for adults, according to the instructions I osmedtorgproma, 0.5-1.0 per day with intervals of 3-5 days after taking every 5 g osarsol, in total for a course of treatment for syphilis is given 25-30 g of the drug. In addition to syphilis, Osarsol is used in worm infestations, in protozoan-trypanosomal diseases and in spirillosis. The literature shows that osarsol, as well as its analogues, together with salvarsan, proposed by Yakimov for the treatment of giardiasis as early as in 1917, proved to be an effective remedy for giardiasis (Chapurskaya-Bazhenova, Georgievskaya, Volodin, Limcher and Traikina, Filipchenko, etc.). This drug has been widely used in recent years in Giardia infestations.



On the technique of performing vein dissection for Varicocele
Abstract
The plethora of surgical methods proposed for the treatment of varicocele suggests that no one method is completely reliable. In general, many surgeons question the appropriateness of surgical intervention because the long-term results do not lead to a radical cure. However, the presence of dilated veins of the spermatic cord, in addition to subjective phenomena in the form of discomfort in the scrotum, pulling pain in the testicle, intensified by walking and physical exertion, gives objective changes in the form of sagging testicle, venous stasis and, ultimately, testicular atrophy. These phenomena make us skeptical about the proposals of conservative surgeons and force us to speak in favor of surgical methods of treatment.



Fistula of both steno ducts
Abstract
Multiple fistulas in the area of the salivary gland ducts are extremely rare. The authors of monographs devoted to diseases of these glands (Pelshinsky, Opokin, Bereznegovsky) do not mention them at all. Only P. A. Gertsen cites a case of bilateral parotid gland fistulas in a young woman who underwent surgical intervention for parotitis in typhus.



On the pathogenesis and clinic of rheumatism
Abstract
The problem of rheumatism is one of the most current and interesting topics of medicine of the last 10-15 years. It is devoted to a large number of works in the world literature, it was and is dealt with by doctors all over the world. There are several reasons for this. The first of them is an excessive number of "rheumatic diseases" among the population of the whole globe; statistics of different countries speak eloquently about it. The second reason that has prompted physicians to study this question is that, until recently, there has been a great deal of confusion about what we mean by "rheumatism".



Treatment of rheumatism with salicylic preparations
Abstract
On February 10-11, 1939, a plenum of the All-Union Committee for the Study and Control of Rheumatism was held in Moscow. Among other issues, the plenum discussed the treatment of rheumatism (Buyo's disease) with salicyl preparations. This seemingly quite definite question still required a special exchange of opinions, since some therapists and pediatricians have recently expressed doubts about the usefulness of salicyl treatment of rheumatism.









Prophylactic and therapeutic value of placental extract in measles, scarlatina and mumps
Abstract
The author used for prophylactic purposes the injection of placental extract in 80 children (from 1 to 8 years old) who had been in contact with measles patients. This inoculation was done on the 4th-5th day of incubation in 5-10 cm3, depending on age. As a result, it turned out that only two of this group became ill with measles (2.5%) of almost abortive form, and, in the author's opinion, the sick children were vaccinated late.



Malignant acrodynia
Abstract
In eastern France, where acrodynia is common, the authors observed malignant forms of the disease with fatal outcome. They cite 4 cases of acrodynia in young children with a general characteristic picture of the course of the disease - The disease in all these cases began after an infection (influenza, measles, pneumonia) and proceeded initially with the usual symptoms of acrodynia: weakness, lack of appetite, insomnia, irritability, redness and swelling of the extremities, profuse sweating, peeling of the skin, traces of scratching on the body, red or blue and cold nose, hypotonia of the muscles.



Acute pyuria caused by dysentery bacillus
Abstract
In a short time the author observed 5 cases of acute pyuria caused by dysentery bacillus. A. assumes that such patients were carriers of the dysentery bacillus before the disease; only after entering the urinary tract, the bacillus causes an acute inflammatory process. The dysentery bacillus most likely enters the urinary tract by an ascending route, like bact. coli. This is supported by the fact that all 5 cases observed by the author were girls and none of them showed signs of sepsis.



Improvement in the quality of infant formula from the addition of apples
Abstract
The disadvantages of cow's milk are, on the one hand, its high resistance to changes in pH, i.e., its high buffering capacity, and, on the other hand, its tendency to produce dense, difficult-to-digest curds when coagulated with rennet. Attempts to make cow's milk more digestible went in two directions. One was to increase the concentration of hydrogen ions and thereby reduce the buffering of milk by adding acids to the milk.



Gonorrhea vaginitis in girls
Abstract
There are as many as 200,000 girls with gonorrhea in the United States. Diagnosis requires clinical symptoms, smears, and cultures. For smears, vaginal secretions should be collected with a glass catheter containing some saline. The pH of the discharge is of diagnostic value: all girls with gonorrhea have an alkaline reaction. The pH of vaginal discharge from healthy girls is always less than 7.






Diagnosis of gonorrhea by culture
Abstract
An important aid in the diagnosis of gonorrhea in old and atypical cases is the culture method. Observations in recent years show that the best medium for this purpose is McLeod's chocolate agar placed in an atmosphere of 8% carbon dioxide. Using this method, Carpenter and his associates examined 245 women. They also took swabs from them. Of the 223 laboratory tests that were positive, the culture method detected gonococcus in 205 cases, or 91.9%, and the swab method in 107 cases, or 48%. In 18 cases, the smear was positive but the culture was negative, so the combination of the two methods greatly increases the chances of detecting gonococcus.


