Vol 30, No 6 (1934)

The victory of the October Revolution and the overthrow of the power of the exploiters created the decisive conditions for a correct and radical resolution of the national question. "Prison of Nations" was the name of tsarist Russia, and in this prison Tatarstan was also in trouble. The economic and cultural inequality of nationalities, the economic and cultural backwardness, the "idiocy of village life," multiplied by national oppression-that's what characterized the situation of the Tatar proletariat and the working peasantry in the past.

Thirty-five years of scientific, medical, and teaching work by Prof. A.V. Vishnevsky. Twenty years of them passed before my eyes and in the conditions of the closest mutual contact that only a professor and his assistant can have.

It is hardly necessary to prove the importance of the expedient use of our hospitals and clinics, the bed capacity of which, despite our grandiose hospital construction, is still insufficient. Meanwhile, when we take a closer look at how the beds are actually used, we see that the economy is far from being realized. By focusing on the issue of bed days, we could significantly increase the capacity of our hospitals. The current state of affairs in this regard can easily be seen from a rudimentary analysis of clinical material. For this purpose I chose fresh, closed uncomplicated fractures of hip and tibia diaphyseal bones, which passed through Kazan clinic of orthopedics and traumatology.

The term "allergy" was coined by Pirquet to describe a condition in which the body reacts differently than it normally does. Together with Schick, he included serum sickness and infectious diseases. Doerr, based on Pirquet's views, constructed a classification of allergic conditions that encompasses both hypersensitivity and immunity. Subsequently, Pirquet expanded his concept even further and spoke of allergy to cancer and even allergy to age. With this understanding of allergy, every deviation from the norm in the reactivity of the body would be an allergy, every illness of whatever nature would be an allergic condition.

Hemorrhagic diathesis is a collective term. It includes hemophilia, Verlhof's disease, Schönlein-Henoch's disease and scorbutus. Bleeding is something common that unites these diseases, different in their clinical manifestations and, undoubtedly, in their pathogenesis. It is true that due to the development of the teaching of vitamins, scorbutus has fallen out of the purview of hematologists and is now closely related to problems of nutrition. Nevertheless, every clinical case of bleeding, especially accompanied by bleeding gums and spontaneous bruising, always makes the clinician first of all exclude scorbutus and then focus his attention on other forms of hemorrhagic diathesis.

On 29/VI-1930, Smetayeva Tatyana, a 22-year-old Mary peasant woman, was admitted to the M.A.O. Epasovka Sanatorium with complaints of severe weakness, dizziness, shortness of breath, and frequent and profuse nasal bleeding. Upon questioning, it was learned, that this girl had had a short (7-8 days) febrile illness in the spring of 1927, after which she had frequent nosebleeds, weakness, shortness of breath, and stopped menses.

Extensive experience of Prof. Vishnevsky's clinic in the field of local anesthesia during surgical operations gave extremely valuable clinical observations on the course of a number of pathological processes, the favorable outcome of which could not be explained by anything else than the peculiar effect of the anesthetic solution used in the clinic on the general trophic setting of the nervous system. These observations, which did not fit into the framework of the usual notions, turned out to be possible to generalize and systematize on the basis of the observations and comparisons of the results obtained in a series of clinical experiments.

The year 1933 marked the 20th anniversary of Baer's introduction of the method of paraffin filling in the treatment of cavernous forms of pulmonary tuberculosis (tbc). The theoretical basis for his method was the observation that in a number of cases, when the acute period of tbc has already passed, the temperature is long normal, the phenomena of intoxication have disappeared and the patient has passed into the stationary phase of the quiescent process with restoration of ability to work and seeming clinical recovery, he remains the carrier of an apical or subclavian cavern.

One hundred years ago, in 1830, the English surgeon Brodie drew attention to a peculiar localized osteomyelitis and isolated it as a separate nosological unit, which has since been known as Brodie bone abscess. In spite of such a long period of time, the literature on this issue is very scarce.

In the study of fat embolism (f.e.) the oldest method of research is the experimental, counting more than a hundred years since the first works of Magendie (1821). The latter, just as later Virchow, Glugue, Thiernesse and others, injected whole oils or emulsions directly into the blood system of experimental animals, and often death occurred, and the section revealed numerous blockage by fat droplets of small vessels in various organs.

Intestinal obstruction as a consequence of a defect in the mesentery is quite rare. In Obalinsky's 110 cases of obstruction only one was due to a hole in the mesentery of the small intestine. König brings this mechanism of obstruction to 2%. Random findings of mesenteric orifices are also rare. Treitz, in many thousands of autopsies, found a hole in the mesentery of the small intestine only 2 times. Mitchell, on over a thousand cadavers only once saw a mesenteric small intestine defect. Prof. Chistovich (1931) did not find a single hole in the mesentery in almost 5,000 autopsies.

The conquests of Soviet science in medicine, as in other fields, are inextricably linked with the general economic and cultural construction of the Union. The successes of Soviet scientific construction are particularly striking in comparison with the position that science occupied in tsarist Russia. Before the revolution, research work in Russia in general was carried out on a small scale and in only a few scientific fields, concentrated mainly in the Academy of Sciences. Research institutions then numbered only a few. After the revolution, the importance of research activities expanded enormously. Science was mobilized for the development of the entire national economy and the cultural reorganization of the country.

The present collection is the 4th volume of works of the Laboratory of Physiology and Pathophysiology of Higher Nervous Activity of Child and Adolescent. The main interest of the collection is that it is a new (third) stage in the development of the doctrine of the physiology of the child's higher nervous activity.

Changes in water metabolism in anaphylactic and histamine shock are expressed in increased water avidity of the skin (accelerated absorption of physiological solution injected intradermally) and in increased water in the skin (weighing skin pieces and determination of dry residue). These changes are most pronounced in anaphylactic shock.

The authors found that there is a known parallelism between the amount of bilirubin in serum and bladder fluid, but there may be periods of some mismatch of quantitative values at the moment of development and fall of jaundice. This is explained by the fact that at the beginning of jaundice blood bilirubin begins to rise from a higher value and grows faster, tissue bilirubin begins to rise from a lower value and grows slower.

Sanarelli showed that the introduction of cultures of tbc bacilli in collodial pouches placed in the abdominal cavity of rabbits gave development in these pouches and in passing through the collodial membrane of elements filtering, virulent and capable of causing various lesions, often progressing to generalized nodular classical tuberculosis, characterized by the presence of acid-fast tubercle bacilli. Aa. cultured not bacilli but various tuberculous filtrates in these sacs.

The author reports on 240 cases of simultaneous bilateral pneumothorax. Along with various indications, the author considers the early infiltrates with the other side infiltration to be a "classic indication" for such an intervention. In these cases brilliant results can be achieved.

The author believes that colon sigmoldeum is of great importance in the regulation of motor activity of the large intestine (duration of the intestinal content in the proximal part of the colon and its emptying into the distal segment).

A 19-year-old girl presented with symmetrical, extensive xanthomatous changes in the corners of the eyelids, fingers, and elbows from the age of seven. The eyelid xanthomatosis was operated on, but soon relapsed. A few months ago he had an operation on the right elbow. Otherwise, according to her father, the girl was perfectly healthy.

The posterior lobe of the pituitary gland in a bull is free of prolan, while in a human it contains prolan. Only here it can be found in that part of the posterior pituitary lobe adjacent to the anterior lobe. In the bull, too, this part of the pituitary gland is completely free of prolan content. Histological examination shows that in humans, this part of the posterior lobe is crossed by bands of cells from the anterior lobe, which consist exclusively of basophilic cells.

In contrast to toxic thyroid adenoma, which is predominantly a local disease, Graves' disease is a systemic disease involving most of the endocrine glands and the entire autonomic first system. In the author's opinion, surgical intervention, quite indicated in toxic adenoma, is often harmful in basid disease.

The author shares his experience in the application of the method of Prof. Sahl from Königsberg for the recognition of appendicitis.

In 149 cases of fresh injuries and septic processes in the upper extremities, the author observed complications-paresis and neuritis in 3 cases after intervention under local conductive anesthesia according to Kulenkampff's method, which he puts in a causal connection with the produced anesthesia.

The author points out that uterine bleeding can be caused either by weakness of uterine muscles caused by tumor, inflammation, etc., or by disturbances in ovarian processes (follicle maturation, ovulation, corpus luteum phase, etc.), -The author points out that this may be caused by weakness of the uterine muscles due to a tumor, inflammation, etc.; by an increased menstruation; by a disturbance of the ovarian processes (follicle maturation, ovulation and corpus luteum phase), leading to a shortened cycle time with a shortened corpus luteum phase; or finally by carcinomas, polyps and cystic glandular hyperplasia, which cause abnormal bleeding.

The author observed postpartum hemorrhage 41 times for 5371 deliveries, which is 0.76%. For 227 preterm births, they accounted for 1.38%.

The treatment of 34 cases of uterine perforation caused by curettage for post-abortion bleeding and commenced abortion yielded the following results: conservative treatment 3 sl -, O death, laparotomy, drainage 1 sl -1 death, laparotomy, uterine suture 3 cases-0 death, abdominal uterine extirpation 22 sl -2 deaths. The total mortality rate was 9% (3 : 34).

After intramuscular injection of 10 kb. ct. of acetylcholine within 11-16 minutes the flickering scotomas disappeared, and soon afterwards the headaches also disappeared. In one case, where the above therapy was used for a year for each attack, migraine pain and flickering scotomas subsequently completely stopped.

The authors examined mentally ill women for the presence of intersex stigmas, and intersex stigmas were found in varying numbers (from 1 to 10) in all obu studied women belonging to different nosological groups.

A famous Viennese speech therapist, who is at the same time engaged in psychotherapy, recommends a psychotherapeutic method of treatment which has, in his opinion, advantages over psychoanalysis and the Couè method. The method is very simple and consists in suggesting to the b-men that they not only represent a "psychic continuity" (seelisches Kontinuum), but at the same time they are constantly changing, being a minute, hourly psychically new person (seelische Neuheit) and thus the patient is shown the way to be free from the idea that they are identical with the person of yesterday, etc.

1. Dr. Konstantinovsky E.M. demonstrates 2 patients who underwent surgery in the orthopedic clinic (Prof. M.O. Friedland).

2. Dr. Zavyalova N.V. -a case of hip arthoplasty. From the same clinic (Prof. Friedland).

The problem of vitamins in the USSR. Vitaminology is a young science, only two decades old. It grew into a separate branch of physiology and biochemistry on the basis of the study of malnutrition and its effect on the development of the organism. It turned out that a number of pathological conditions, which have long been known to medicine, are associated with nutritional deficiencies, such conditions include: scurvy, pellagra, rickets, beri beri, lack of growth and a number of others.