Features of hematological indices in cataract in the dynamics of surgical treatment

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Abstract

BACKGROUND: Cataracts are a prevalent ophthalmological condition that frequently results in blindness.

AIM: To study hematological indices in men aged >40 years with different types of cataracts before and after surgical treatment.

MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study included 25 (25 eyes) patients with cortical opacities, 19 (19 eyes) with total opacities, 26 (26 eyes) with nuclear opacities, and 30 (30 eyes) with subcapsular opacities. Of these patients, 43 (43 eyes) had incipient cataracts, 39 (39 eyes) had immature cataracts, and 18 (18 eyes) had mature cataracts. The control group comprised 30 individuals. The patients underwent complete ophthalmological examinations and hematological index evaluations. The following integral hematological indices were calculated according to generally accepted formulas: lymphocyte index (lymphocytes/neutrophils); leukocyte intoxication index; and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte, neutrophil-to-monocyte, lymphocyte-to-monocyte, lymphocyte-to-eosinophil, and leukocyte-to-erythrocyte sedimentation rate ratios. Statistical analysis was performed using the Statistica 10 software. The nonparametric Kruskal–Wallis and Mann–Whitney tests were used to evaluate differences between the groups. The significance level for testing scientific hypotheses was set at p < 0.05.

RESULTS: Unidirectional changes in hematological indices were detected in all degrees of cataract maturity pre- and post-surgery. Specifically, the lymphocyte-to-eosinophil ratio decreased (1.4–2.0; p = 0.01), whereas the neutrophil-to-monocyte (1.3–2.1; p = 0.04), lymphocyte-to-monocyte (1.4–2.5; p = 0.02), and leukocyte-to-erythrocyte ratios increased (2.9–6.8; p = 0.01). In immature cataracts, the intoxication index, as determined by hematological indices, exhibited a twofold increase in surgical treatment dynamics. Multidirectional changes in hematological indices were found in cortical and subcapsular lens opacities and unidirectional changes in nuclear and total opacities.

CONCLUSION: Patients with nuclear and total cataracts show the most significant abnormalities in the cell population ratio according to hematological indices, thus constituting a high-risk group for complications.

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About the authors

Olga V. Smirnova

Research Institute for Medical Problems of the North

Email: ovsmirnova71@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-3992-9207
SPIN-code: 2198-0265

MD, D. Sci. (Med.), Prof., Head of the Laboratory, Laboratory of Clinical Pathophysiology

Russian Federation, Krasnoyarsk

Tatyana O. Zinkina

Research Institute for Medical Problems of the North

Author for correspondence.
Email: tatka-doktor@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0009-0003-0587-4452

Post-Graduate Student

Russian Federation, Krasnoyarsk

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2. Fig. 1. Cataract pathogenesis depending on maturity; Abs, antibodies; ESR, erythrocyte sedimentation rate

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3. Fig. 2. Cataract pathogenesis depending on the location of lens opacity; ESR, erythrocyte sedimentation rate

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4. Fig. 3. Cataract pathogenesis depending on the location of lens opacity; Abs, antibodies; ESR, erythrocyte sedimentation rate

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