Features of hematological indices in cataract in the dynamics of surgical treatment

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Abstract

BACKGROUND: Cataract is one of the most common ophthalmologic diseases leading to blindness.

AIM: To study the features of hematological indices in men over 40 years old with different types of cataract before and after surgical treatment.

MATERIAL AND METHODS: The examination groups included 25 patients (25 eyes) with opacities localized in the cortical substance of the lens, 19 (19 eyes) with total opacities, 26 (26 eyes) with nuclear opacities, 30 (30 eyes) with subcapsular opacities; of these, 43 patients (43 eyes) had initial cataract, 39 (39 eyes) — immature, 18 (18 eyes) — mature cataract. The control group consisted of 30 people. All study participants underwent a complete ophthalmologic examination and assessment of hematological indices. The following integral hematological indices were calculated using generally accepted formulas: lymphocyte index (lymphocytes/neutrophils); leukocyte intoxication index; neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio index; neutrophil/monocyte ratio index; lymphocyte/monocyte ratio index; lymphocyte/eosinophil ratio index; leukocyte ratio and erythrocyte sedimentation rate index. Statistical analysis was performed using the Statistica 10 package. The Kruskal–Wallis and Mann–Whitney nonparametric tests were used to assess differences in the groups. The critical level of statistical significance when testing scientific hypotheses was p <0.05.

RESULTS: At all stages of cataract maturity, before and after surgery, unidirectional changes in the hematological indices were revealed: the lymphocyte and eosinophil ratio decreased (1.4–2.0; p=0.01), the neutrophils and monocytes (1.3–2.1; p=0.04), lymphocytes and monocytes (1.4–2.5; p=0.02) ratios, leukocytes and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (2.9–6.8; p=0.01) increased. In immature cataract, the intoxication index according to the hematological indices increased by 2 times in the dynamics of surgical treatment. At the same time, multidirectional changes in the hematological indices were revealed in cortical and subcapsular opacities of the lens, unidirectional changes — in nuclear and total opacities.

CONCLUSION: Patients with nuclear and total cataracts have the greatest number of disturbances in the ratio of cell populations according to hematological indices, therefore they constitute a risk group for the development of complications.

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About the authors

Olga V. Smirnova

Research Institute for Medical Problems of the North

Email: ovsmirnova71@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-3992-9207
SPIN-code: 2198-0265

MD, D. Sci. (Med.), Prof., Head of the Laboratory, Laboratory of Clinical Pathophysiology

Russian Federation, Krasnoyarsk

Tatyana O. Zinkina

Research Institute for Medical Problems of the North

Author for correspondence.
Email: tatka-doktor@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0009-0003-0587-4452

Post-Graduate Student

Russian Federation, Krasnoyarsk

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2. Fig. 1. Pathogenesis of cataract depending on the degree of maturity; A/т — antibodies; СОЭ — erythrocyte sedimentation rate

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3. Fig. 2. Pathogenesis of cataract depending on the localization of opacity of the lens substance; СОЭ — erythrocyte sedimentation rate

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4. Fig. 3. Pathogenesis of cataract depending on the localization of opacity of the lens substance; С/я — segmented; A/т — antibodies; СОЭ — erythrocyte sedimentation rate

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