


Vol 63, No 5 (1982)
Moral education of the doctor
Abstract
The society of developed socialism needs broad-based specialists, politically literate, ideologically convinced, possessing a culture and high morality, able to work with people, and organize a work collective. Forming such specialists is the task of higher education.



Dimexide in intensive care of septic complications of postresuscitation disease
Abstract
Dimexide was used in a complex of intensive care in 42 extremely severe patients with septic complications of postresuscitation disease. The drug was administered intravenously, for drainage and in combination: in combination with infusion-transfusion, anticoagulant and antibiotic therapy. The observation results show that Dimexide is an effective remedy for the correction and prevention of septic complications of postresuscitation disease, even with resistance to antibiotics.



Thrombotic complications and changes in the hemocoagulation system in acute myocardial infarction
Abstract
A natural relationship was revealed between the incidence of thrombotic complications and changes in the indicators of the blood coagulation system in patients with acute myocardial infarction. The totality of tests revealed two periods of maximum activation of the blood coagulation system, combined with inhibition of the anticoagulant system, on the 3-5th and 9-17th days of illness. These periods coincide with the time of the maximum incidence of thrombosis of the great vessels, disseminated intravascular coagulation and recurrence of myocardial infarction.



Heparin therapy for acute myocardial infarction
Abstract
The results of the determination of soluble fibrin-monomer complexes according to the data of paracoagulation tests in patients with acute myocardial infarction treated with heparin at various doses are presented. With negative results of paracoagulation tests, heparin therapy at a dose of 10 thousand units per day can effectively prevent the development of thrombotic complications. With positive results of these tests, the appointment of heparin only in a dose of 50-60 thousand units. per day contributes to the effective prevention of thrombotic complications.



Hypothalamic-pituitary neurosecretory system in myocardial infarction
Abstract
In 22 patients who died from myocardial infarction, the paraventricular and supraoptic nuclei of the hypothalamus and neurohypophysis were morphologically examined (Gomori-Gabi staining). The sizes of neurons and their nuclei were increased. Vacuolated cells were observed at a high concentration of nagum in the blood.



Errors in the diagnosis and treatment of acute pneumonia
Abstract
Objective and subjective diagnostic, treatment-tactical, organizational errors in the management of patients with acute pneumonia have been studied. The quantitative and qualitative characteristics of mistakes at all stages of rehabilitation are given. The greatest number of medical miscalculations was observed at the pre-hospital stage.



Clinical picture, diagnosis and treatment of staphylococcal lung destruction in adults
Abstract
The experience of treating 27 patients with staphylococcal lung destruction aged 21 to 60 years is generalized. Treatment should be comprehensive, including antibacterial, detoxification, immune and restorative therapy in combination with surgical interventions of the pleural cavity, pneumotomy with removal of the main purulent cavities.



Rheoencephalography and echoencephalography in the diagnosis of the initial forms of otogenic intracranial complications
Abstract
With the help of rheoencephalography, echoencephalography, and rheoaurography, 216 patients with chronic purulent otitis media were examined. In patients with chronic purulent epitympanitis and epimesotympanitis, hemodynamic disturbances were revealed during rheoaurography. Hydrocephalic-hyperhydration syndrome was noted rheoencephalographically in local leads in 73% of patients in this group. Echoencephalography showed signs of hydrocephalus in 56% of patients. The complex application of rheoencephalography and echoencephalography made it possible to establish signs characteristic of the initial, clinical forms of otogenic intracranial complications.



Electrical activity of the brain during asphyxia
Abstract
The method of electroencephalography was used to study the convulsive state during strangulation asphyxia. Differences in the electroencephalographic manifestations of tonic and clonic asphytic seizures are shown. With a longer strangulation, a greater severity of convulsive electrical activity of the brain was established. The data obtained can be used for differential diagnosis of convulsive states and in determining the duration of asphyxia.






On the timing of external drainage of hepatocholedochus in complicated cholecystitis
Abstract
In 35 patients with complicated cholecystitis in the postoperative period, manometric and debitometric studies were carried out, and the amount of bile secreted through the drainage was taken into account. This made it possible, in combination with other research methods, to develop criteria (pressure of passage - 1214 = 0.5 mm of water column, residual pressure - 109 ± 0.6 mm of water column, increase in flow rate up to 17.8 = L1.7 ml / min) to determine the time of removal of the drainage, which contributed to the faster healing of the fistula and the acceleration of the recovery of patients.



Post-transfusion acute renal failure in surgery
Abstract
Based on the experience of diagnosis and treatment of post-transfusion acute renal failure in 27 surgical patients, the tactics, role and place of hemodialysis in complex therapy are considered. Outcomes and ways to improve treatment outcomes are reported.



Reasons for diagnostic errors of an objective nature
Abstract
An analysis of 601 diagnostic errors is presented. It was found that 2/3 of them were due to objective reasons. When determining the specific value of each, the following factors turned out to be leading: low-symptom, atypical and adynamic clinical picture of the disease. The idea of the great role of the excess of information about the disease, the significance of rare forms and the serious condition of the patient has not been confirmed.



Specific therapy for infectious and allergic diseases
Abstract
Specific hyposensitization with bacterial allergens was carried out in 406 patients with infectious-allergic diseases (pre-asthma, and infectious-allergic forms of bronchial asthma, rhinitis, urticaria). The overall positive result of hyposensitization was 72.7%.



Influence of the condition of antenatal development on the content of immunoglobulins in the blood of newborns
Abstract
Studied IgG, IgA and IgM in 103 newborns up to the 12th day of life. In children whose mothers have suffered from pregnancy toxicosis, IgG and Dovppen IgA and IgM are reduced. Immunological changes in late toxicosis in pregnant women for the presence of additional antigenic stimulation of the fetus.



Features of immunity in patients with diphtheria
Abstract
The indices of humoral and cellular immunity were studied in 10 patients with typical and 7 atypical (carriage) forms of diphtheria infection. The highest level of antibodies (4.25 ± 1.2 AU / ml) was in carriers of diphtheria bacteria, and the lowest (0.07 AU / ml) was in patients with toxic diphtheria. Disturbances in the structure of cellular immunogomeostasis - a decrease in the total number of T-lymphocytes, an increase in Ta-ROK, an increase in the functional activity of phagocytic neutrophils and peripheral blood monocytes - were found in all and were most pronounced in patients with toxic diphtheria. In children, according to epidemiological indications, vaccinated with ADS, while the number of T-lymphocytes was preserved, all other studied parameters turned out to be increased.



Individual prediction of allergic diseases in children
Abstract
The use of sequential Wald analysis with the study of a number of anamnestic and clinical signs in the presence of predisposing and etiological factors makes it possible to predict allergic diseases before they occur. When summarizing the prognostic coefficients in children with early manifestations of exudative-catarrhal diathesis, the possibility of developing respiratory allergy or allergic dermatosis was established. A prognostic table for allergic dermatoses and respiratory allergies has been compiled. A definite conclusion was given for 158 children out of 212; in 54 children, the outcome of the initial manifestations of exudative diathesis was uncertain.



Immunotherapy of neurodermatitis in children with bacterial allergies
Abstract
For the diagnosis and treatment of neurodermatitis with bacterial sensitization in children, purified bacterial allergens of Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenic and Escherichia coli were used. Specific immunotherapy was administered to 99 patients. Good and excellent results were obtained in 76.8% of patients, satisfactory - in 12%, unsatisfactory - in 11.1% of children. The clinical effect was accompanied by a decrease in body sensitization indices and activation of the humoral-cellular link of immunity.



Allergic dermatitis in artificial leather workers
Abstract
The immunological reactivity of the organism of workers suffering from allergic dermatoses and healthy workers in contact with the products of artificial leather production has been studied. Studies have shown a violation of immunological homeostasis in workers employed in production, and, along with specific sensitization, revealed autosensitization to tissue antigens of the skin in patients with allergic dermatitis.



Detection of autoantibodies in patients with chronic bronchitis
Abstract
In 120 patients with chronic bronchitis and 104 healthy individuals, circulating autoantibodies to the bronchial mucosa were studied. Exacerbation of the chronic inflammatory process in the bronchi is accompanied by a significant increase in autoantibody titers. A direct relationship was found between the level of autoantibodies, the severity and duration of the disease. By the time of discharge from the hospital in some patients, autoantibody titers remain at a high level, often up to six months. Determination of anti-bronchial antibodies in the dynamics of chronic bronchitis can be used to recognize the activity of the inflammatory process and predict its outcome.



Bacterial sensitization and microflora of duodenal contents of patients with chronic cholecystitis
Abstract
The bacterial sensitization and its relationship with the microflora of the duodenal contents were studied in 67 patients with chronic cholecystitis. Bacterial sensitization was found in 44 patients (65.7%), most often to E. coli and pyogenic streptococcus allergens. A clear relationship between bacterial sensitization and the microflora of the duodenal contents has not been determined.



Acupuncture treatment for leukoplakia and kraurosis of the vulva
Abstract
In 22 patients with leukoplakia and kraurosis of the vulva, acupuncture was performed, which turned out to be an effective method of treating this pathology. Changes in the vulva disappeared after the second course of treatment, and with widespread prodesss - after the third.



The content of insulin and some of its antagonists in the blood of patients with diabetes mellitus
Abstract
70 patients with diabetes mellitus treated with insulin were examined. When normoglycemia was reached, changes in the concentration of free and bound insulin in the blood were not observed, and the content of growth hormone, glucagon, and free fatty acids decreased.



On the classification of chronic inflammatory nonspecific lung disease
Abstract
On the pages of the Kazan Medical Journal, the issues of the classification of chronic pneumonia are again discussed as a discussion. It should be emphasized that the proposed classifications do not relate to chronic pneumonia in a collective sense, as envisaged by the Minsk (1964) and Tbilisi (1972) classifications, which have been seriously criticized. We are talking about chronic pneumonia, as a strictly localized recurrent inflammatory process in the bronchopulmonary system, characterized not only by localization (in a lobe or segment), but also by variants of the course (rare or frequent exacerbations, continuously recurrent course), the phase of the pathological process (exacerbation, remission) , the degree of disease activity in the exacerbation phase (pronounced or moderate exacerbation, sluggish process).



On the objective foundations of medicine
Abstract
The search for objective, that is, scientific knowledge of medicine has been and remains an important aspect of its historical development. And although it can be considered that the scientific foundations of medicine already exist by now, they cannot but develop further - the process of the growth of scientific knowledge never stops. And the discussion of many issues in this discussion is also devoted to this goal.



Cardiac glycosides in the therapy of cor pulmonale
Abstract
Cardiac glycosides (CG) attracted the attention of scientists at the turn of the 18th-19th centuries. The first clinical lecture on digitalis treatment belongs to S.P.Botkin. However, from the very beginning of the study of cardiac glycosides, it was noted that their excellent therapeutic effect is often combined with severe adverse reactions. Sometimes an incorrect interpretation of the therapeutic and toxic effects of SG (for example, with angina pectoris) led to unreasonable contraindications.



Features of the course and diagnosis of heart failure in non-coronary myocardial lesions
Abstract
Heart failure occurs as a result of various diseases, both caused by damage to the coronary arteries (in most cases, atherosclerosis), and not associated with the involvement of the coronary arteries in the process. A decrease in the functional capacity of the myocardium with heart damage is either a consequence of its excessive overload with an increased volume of blood entering the chambers of the heart during diastole, or the result of increased resistance to blood outflow during systole. The first occurs with heart defects with valve insufficiency, and the second occurs in case of obstruction of the blood flow in patients with stenosis of the holes or with hypertension of the large and pulmonary circulation.



Health status of workers in contact with cutting fluids
Abstract
In the structure of morbidity among workers in contact with cutting fluids, the largest specific weight was occupied by diseases of the ENT organs. The second most frequent place was occupied by autonomic dysfunctions, often occurring with hypertensive type of neurocirculatory dystonia. For the prevention of these diseases, a complex of health-improving measures has been developed.



Help of the peoples of the Volga region to the wounded soldiers of the Red Army (1941-1945)
Abstract
The Volga region, which occupies a vast territory of the country, was a powerful hospital base during the Great Patriotic War, in which tens of thousands of wounded and sick soldiers and commanders of the Red Army were recovering their health.



In memory of N.N.Sirotinin
Abstract
While still a student, in 1915 Nikolai Nikolaevich Sirotinin began working in the field of bacteriology at the Saratov Veterinary Institute, and from 1917 at the Department of Microbiology at Saratov University. Later (1919-1923) he continued to work on bacteriology in various microbiological institutions in Saratov, starting from the position of a laboratory assistant. Nikolai Nikolayevich instilled this style of training a scientist in his students. He demanded that each employee of the laboratory begin his activity with the rough work of a minister and a laboratory assistant, and only after that would he admit him to independent scientific research.





