Vol 33, No 8 (1937)

Along with the progress of medical knowledge, the discovery of new methods of research, both clinical and laboratory, the concepts of some pathological conditions of the human body are changing.

Childhood pneumonia is an extremely serious disease and causes a high mortality rate. In the pathology of childhood, these diseases, along with eating disorders, occupy one of the first places.

The etiology and pathogenesis of scaly lichen remain unclear until recently. There are a number of theories regarding the nature of this common dermatosis, but there is still no consensus on this issue. Schamberg believes that the skin of psoriasis from birth has a specific reactive feature.

Among the unforeseen complications of fluoroscopy, there may be cases of perforation of the stomach ulcer. Fortunately, these cases are rare. In the world literature, only 16 cases are described, one way or another related to fluoroscopy. Of course, this is an insignificant figure compared to the countless thousands of patients who pass through the hands of radiologists every day.

In 1837 Done discovered trichomonas vaginalis in vaginal discharge in women. He characterizes it as a parasite, often found in women in vaginal secretions on the pathologically altered mucosa. The question of the pathogenicity of Trichomonas to this day remains unclear.

In 1914, Darier established a new morphological unit in dermatology, which he named dyskeratosis. In this concept he included Darier's disease, Paget's disease and Bowen's pre-cancerous dermatosis.

During my more than half a century of medical practice, I had to not only meet, but also to be well acquainted with many old doctors, but I still do not know an elderly doctor who would conduct systematic observations of his old age and then describe them in detail in the medical literature. ... I know of only one essay of this kind, included in Burkhgardt's work entitled "The Culture of Italy, in the Renaissance".

In view of the comparative rarity of early congenital syphilis of the lungs in newborns, it seems to us interesting to publish our observation. 

On the night from 5 to 6 / VIII 1929, patient B. was admitted to the department with complaints of continuous sharp pains in the abdomen during the last 4 days, constipation, difficulty urinating, nausea. A doctor who visited her at home suggested that she had a twisted cyst leg, and with this diagnosis she was sent to the hospital.

A number of researchers have found that soluble substances that precipitate in the presence of immune (to the vaccine) serum are found in extracts from fresh skin vaccines and can be separated from the elementary bodies of the vaccine by centrifugation and filtration.

Tomcsik and Szongott succeeded in isolating three serologically distinct fractions from the anthrax bacillus, one of which was found only in capsule cultures. Although the chemical structure of this fraction has not yet been obtained, these researchers attributed the specific substance of the capsule of the anthrax bacillus to the group of proteins.

The authors studied the trypanocidal and spirochetocidal action of the new Arsen-Keratinhydro- lysat "AS XIII" compound in mice and rabbits.

Experiments have shown that ground bacteria grown in broth, when transplanted into fish oil, do not allow growth to continue. When sowing land directly into fish oil, only a very small number of microbes can be found after 24 hours.

The authors studied the mechanism of development of experimental pneumonia in mice and guinea pigs. For this purpose, the animals were subjected to ether anesthesia and were infected in the nose with pneumococcus type 1 (the method of Shope, as well as Neufeld and Kuhn).

In some cases, laboratory technicians diagnose gonococci in the discharge of the urethra of men, while in fact the causative agent of urethritis is gram-negative diplococcus of the nasopharynx. In 20 prostitutes, these diplococci were found in the discharge of the cervix.

The main sign of differential diagnosis of gonorrhea arthritis is the presence of gonococci in the joint cavity, which distinguishes arthritis of this etiology from others. In patients with gonorrhea arthritis, it is possible to detect gonococci in the genitourinary tract in smears up to 40% and cultures up to 60%.

In one case of Hirschsprung's disease a. successfully applied the Nicloscoloplicatio method. It sutures loose and external tissue along the entire length of the large intestine from the appendix to the rectum.

A. proposes for fractures of the cervical vertebrae with displacement of fragments to impose skeletal traction on the cranial bones using a special traction apparatus. With the help of a drill, after an injection of novocaine and a skin incision, a hole is drilled in the skull bone to a depth of 3 mm only to the diploe (the drill is designed so that it does not sink further than 3 mm).

For the treatment of chronic arthritis a. recommends injection into the joint cavity, after preliminary puncture and anesthesia, 4-5 cm3 of fish oil.

Автор наблюдал 21 случай закрытого повреждения черепа с потерей сознания различной продолжительности. Из всех этих травм только в 5 случаях имелись определенные объективные указания на центральное поражение зрения, но во всех случаях без исключения имелись так называемые „субъективные" зрительные расстройства. Последние автором рассматриваются с точки зрения морфологии и судебной медицины. В основном субъективные расстройства были 2 родов: 1) собственно зрительные расстройства и 2) зрительная усталость. При собственно зрительных расстройствах обнаруживалась только потеря чувства равновесия (больные искали точку опоры). У них полученные впечатления от предметов тут же терялись, вследствие резкого прерывания их из-за головокружения. У жалующихся на „зрительную усталость", наступающую более или менее быстро, исключалась аккомодативная астенопия. Психоневрозы исключались в обоих типах расстройств. „Субъективные" зрительные расстройства в основе имеют также органическую базу, установить которую весьма трудно. В заключение автор говорит, что все травмы черепа с потерей сознания требуют полного осмотра органа зрения и нервной системы. Все черепно-мозговые ушибы могут быть причиной объективных и „субъективных" зрительных расстройств. При субъективных зрительных расстройствах также необходимо быть осторожным в прогнозе. Для судебной медицины при объективных зрительных расстройствах действительно только заключение специалиста-офтальмолога. Субъективные же зрительные расстройства следует относить к синдрому commotio cerebri.

Report by Professor N. V. Sokolova on the conference of surgeons in Leningrad 28-31 January. 1937 The speaker elaborated on the tasks set by the organizers of the conference and then on the main issues raised by the speakers.