


Vol 63, No 6 (1982)
Development of rural health care in the TASSR
Abstract
The Soviet people are persistently implementing the majestic plans of communist construction, adopted at the 26th Congress of the CPSU. The working people of our republic are doing everything possible for the successful implementation of the national economic plans for the 11th five-year plan. This year, the upcoming celebration of the 60th anniversary of the founding of the USSR is causing a special labor and political upsurge. Soviet people are meeting this significant event with new achievements in work and in all spheres of social life, carrying out the decisions of the 26th Congress.



Clinical and physiological characteristics of the acute period of severe traumatic brain injury
Abstract
A comprehensive clinical and electrophysiological examination of 72 patients with severe traumatic brain injury was carried out. The types of the body's reaction to trauma with various manifestations of hemodynamic and external respiration disorders and the possibility of a targeted impact on the main pathogenetic mechanisms were determined.



Features of a craniocerebral injury received against the background of craniostenosis
Abstract
Examined 87 patients with craniostenosis at the age from 3 to 14 years, who had suffered a moderate craniocerebral injury. It was found that in the stage of compensation, a relatively mild traumatic brain injury leads to mild brain contusion. Treatment of patients in this category should be conservative, but longer than in patients without concomitant craniostenosis. In the decompensated stage of craniostenosis, a similar injury causes the development of moderate brain contusion. With severe cerebral edema, flap craniotomy is indicated, since conventional dehydration therapy is ineffective.



Possibilities of tabular express diagnostics of traumatic compression and noncompressing brain contusions
Abstract
Mathematical tables for express diagnostics of compression and noncompressive brain injuries based on Wald's algorithm have been developed. The initial data for their compilation were the clinical symptoms identified in 504 patients with traumatic brain injury and processed using a computer.



Experience of transosseous osteosynthesis in the treatment of nonunited fractures, pseudoarthrosis and bone defects of the lower extremities in children
Abstract
37 children and adolescents were treated with the method of transosseous osteosynthesis. Limb length restoration and consolidation in the area of pseudarthrosis were obtained in 35 patients. In 2 children with congenital pseudoarthrosis of the shin bones, fusion did not occur due to the development of a spoke infection, which prompted the Ilizarov apparatus to be dismantled ahead of time.



Treatment of fractures of the proximal femur in elderly patients
Abstract
The results of treatment of fractures of the femoral neck in elderly and senile patients have been analyzed. It was found that complex prevention and intensive therapy of concomitant diseases play an important role in reducing mortality. Modern methods of treatment allow to obtain good and satisfactory results in 80% of patients with femoral neck fractures.



Compression osteosynthesis in the treatment of fractures of long tubular bones
Abstract
The results of treatment of 461 patients with fractures of long tubular bones, operated on with external compression fixators, are considered. The causes of errors and complications are analyzed. It is concluded that it is advisable to use compression plates with removable compressors or with permanent compression.



Intertrochanteric osteotomy in severe forms of coxarthrosis
Abstract
Summarizing the experience of surgical treatment of 225 patients with coxarthrosis, the authors came to the conclusion about the advisability of using intertrochanteric osteotomy at stage III of the process. The data of clinical and radiological, biomechanical and experimental studies made it possible to establish the limits of the possibility of using intertrochanteric osteotomy in severe coxarthrosis, as well as the peculiarities of the technique of intervention and the method of postoperative rehabilitation.



Intensive care of patients with severe injuries and after major surgical interventions
Abstract
The efficiency of intensive therapy in 482 patients with severe injuries of the bones of the skeleton, traumatic brain injury, after operations on the abdominal organs and after neurosurgical interventions was analyzed. The effectiveness of the treatment was determined by the indices of integral body rheography, acid-base state, electrolytes, blood thromboelastogram. For postoperative analgesia, narcotic and non-narcotic analgesics, needles and electroanalgesia were used. Treatment of victims in intensive care units lasting from several hours to 3-7 days significantly improved the treatment process and positively affected the outcomes of the disease, surgery and injury.



Assessment of age-related characteristics of the spine during X-ray diagnostics of its injuries
Abstract
The age-related characteristics of the spine were studied on 945 spondylograms performed in two main projections and supplemented with special radiographs taken for medical reasons. The age-related dynamics of the main formations of the spine is reflected in terms of differential diagnosis of true radiological signs of spinal injuries and its age-related characteristics, simulating trauma. The results of X-ray anatomical studies of the spine, carried out in different age groups, showed that the assessment of the peculiarities of the X-ray anatomy of the spine in childhood, adolescence and adolescence contributes to the correct interpretation of X-ray data in pediatric neuropathology and neurosurgery, allowing to reduce the number of diagnostic errors, especially in traumatic injuries.



Treatment of purulent wounds
Abstract
The experience of treating 994 patients with purulent wounds after opening a purulent-inflammatory focus is generalized. Comparison of various methods of treatment It was found that when opening and tamponing purulent wounds with gauze napkins, the terms of treatment are significantly increased, and plastic surgery is possible only in 64.8% of patients. As a result of primary surgical treatment of purulent wounds with the imposition of primary or primary delayed sutures, subject to drainage of wounds and lavage, the healing time is reduced, and plastic surgery is feasible in 87.3% of patients.



Echinococcal disease treatment
Abstract
The analysis of treatment of 228 patients with echinococcal disease of internal organs in the Bashkir ASSR for 17 years was carried out. 162 people underwent surgical treatment, of which 139 - with echinococcosis of the liver and lungs. The operation of choice for the hydatid form of echinococcal disease should be considered a closed echinococcectomy. Due to the high percentage of relapses' (22.3) after surgical treatment, patients in this group require medical examination.



Children's health status after tonsillectomy
Abstract
The state of health of children suffering from chronic tonsillitis, who was treated conservatively and promptly, was analyzed. It has been established that rheumatism is the absolute indication for tonsillectomy. With a compensated form of chronic tonsillitis, surgical treatment is carried out in the absence of the effect of conservative therapy.



Features of aerobic glucose oxidation and the functional state of the myocardium in pneumonia in young children
Abstract
The state of aerobic oxidation of glucose was studied in 146 children with acute pneumonia and in 50 healthy children by determining the activity of lactate dehydrogenase, malate dehydrogenase and their isoenzymes, the content of pyruvic acid in the blood. It has been clinically established that with pneumonia there are violations of the contractility of the myocardium. Moreover, these disorders are in direct proportion to the depth of the shift in the ratio of aerobic and anaerobic processes in the body.



Neuroimmune conflict in Rh isosensitized pregnant women
Abstract
A neuroimmunological study of 156 pregnant women and their newborns in Rh-conflict pregnancies makes it possible to explain the cause of selective damage to the central nervous system of the fetus and newborn. The data obtained indicate the need for 'preventive and therapeutic measures taking into account the neuroimmune conflict.



Prognostic value of the determination of humoral anti-brain antibodies in inflammatory diseases of the middle ear
Abstract
In the study of blood serum in 118 patients with different forms of otitis media, higher titers of anti-brain antibodies were found than in healthy ones. There was a correlation between the titer value and the intensity of the pathological process in the middle ear. A prognostically unfavorable sign in the occurrence of otogenic intracranial complications is the disappearance or a sharp drop in the titer of anti-brain antibodies during an exacerbation of chronic suppurative otitis media.



Angiographic classification of a single ventricle of the heart
Abstract
Based on the data of angiographic examination of 25 patients with a single heart ventricle, a new classification of complex congenital heart disease is proposed. It indicates the type of defect without taking into account the morphology of the single ventricular chamber, which is angiographically difficult or impossible to determine in some cases. This classification simplifies the interpretation of angiographic images, reflects the anatomical variants of the defect and meets the modern requirements of cardiac surgery.



Multiple and combined injuries of the musculoskeletal system
Abstract
Treatment of multiple and associated injuries is the most urgent problem of modern traumatology. The number of patients admitted to trauma hospitals with similar injuries is steadily increasing every year and ranges from 7 to 25.1% of all inpatient trauma patients. Most often, multiple and concomitant injuries occur in traffic accidents - up to 50-70%.



On the principle of cancer vigilance in hygiene
Abstract
Defining the content of the concept of "malignant tumor", the founder of Soviet oncology NN Petrov (1959) wrote that this is "... a dystrophic proliferative reaction of the body to various harmful external and internal factors that persistently disrupted the composition and structure of tissues and cells and changed them exchange". In this definition, in essence, the basic principles of combating cancer incidence are laid.



Prevention of dysentery and other acute intestinal diseases
Abstract
The issues of prevention and reduction of the incidence of dysentery and other intestinal infections are an important problem in rural health care. In recent years, some success has been achieved in this direction, which was largely facilitated by the growth of material well-being and the level of sanitary culture, improvement of medical and sanitary-epidemiological services for the population.



Household injuries among the rural population of the Bugulma region of the TASSR
Abstract
We analyzed household injuries among the rural population of our region for 1977-1981. 546 household injuries of the rural population were registered. By the nature of the work performed, they can be distributed as follows: 141 — obtained while working on personal plots, 31 — while caring for pets, 134 — when storing fuel, 63 — when preparing feed for livestock, 111 — during construction work, 17 - while working with electrical appliances, 49 - caused by transport. Most often, injuries were received after 18 hours, that is, at the end of a working day at work. They can probably be attributed to overwork.



Experience in organizing early detection and treatment of congenital deformities of the musculoskeletal system in children
Abstract
In Zelenodolsk, the outcomes of congenital deformities treatment have been improved due to the widespread organization of early detection of congenital pathology in children. With the opening of the orthopedic and traumatological outpatient service as part of the surgical room, a real possibility of timely examination and treatment by a pediatric surgeon of almost all children in the first months of life living in the city appeared.



Transosseous compression-distraction osteosynthesis according to G.A. Ilizarov in the polyclinic
Abstract
Compression-distraction osteosynthesis according to GA Ilizarov in outpatient settings has been used by us since January 1981 in the city hospital No. 3, which serves the complex of the Kama Automobile Plant and the Avtozavodskaya district of Brezhnev. The clinic has a well-equipped operating room and two sets of apparatus for osteosynthesis. We operate under local anesthesia. We use special supports for the osteosynthesis of the lower leg and humerus bones.



The state of humoral immunity in postpartum purulent-inflammatory diseases
Abstract
Investigated humoral immunity in 178 women. Of these, 103 had postpartum infectious diseases: 46 had postpartum mastitis, 37 had postpartum endometritis, and 20 had infectious complications after caesarean section. The control group consisted of healthy pregnant women at 39–40 weeks, non-pregnant women and postpartum women with a normal course of labor and the postpartum period.



Serum immunoglobulins for acute intestinal infections in young children
Abstract
The aim of the work was to study the dynamics of serum immunoglobulins in children of the first three years of life, patients with salmonellosis, coli infection and dysentery. Of 129 children, 58 had salmonellosis typhimurium, 39 had coli infection caused by Escherichia of the 1st category, 32 had dysentery Sonne. Among patients with salmonellosis, 7 had a mild form, 44 had a moderate form, and 7 had a severe form. 16, among the most severe - in 19, severe - in 4 children. With dysentery, a mild form was observed in 13 children, a moderate form in 19. Children from 6 months to 1 year old were 69, from a year to 3 years old - 60.



Clinical and radiological characteristics of parostal sarcoma
Abstract
We have the results of observations of 6 patients with parostal sarcoma, verified morphologically, which is approximately 5% of all patients with osteosarcomas that we have followed over the past 10 years. All patients were female, 2 of them were 25-26 years old, 4 were 35-40 years old. There is an opinion that older patients, in contrast to those suffering from other osteosarcomas, are characterized by a slower course of parostal sarcoma. At the same time, according to the Oncological Scientific Center of the USSR Academy of Medical Sciences, in 17 out of 25 patients with parostal osteosarcoma, the duration of the disease history before the first visit to the doctor was from 1 to 7 months. In patients 25-26 years of age, the duration of the anamnesis of the disease was 6-7 months. Women aged 35-40 years were observed without pronounced clinical complaints from 5 to 7 years.



Hemocoagulant properties of the lung parenchyma affected by a malignant process
Abstract
We investigated the hemocoagulating properties of extracts of tumor tissue and lung parenchyma around malignant growth, taken during surgery from 16 patients aged 36 to 57 years, who were operated on for adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma. At the same time, extracts of 16 lungs from corpses were studied in people of the corresponding age and sex who died from diseases not associated with the defeat of the respiratory system.



A case of severe allergic reaction to monomycin in the treatment of sinusitis
Abstract
The antibiotic monomycin has a wide spectrum of action, therefore it is often used in medical practice. The nephrotoxic effect of monomycin is mainly observed with prolonged parenteral administration and increased dosage. We observed a case of severe allergic reaction to parenteral administration of monomycin at an average therapeutic dose.



Familial cases of blockade of the anterior branch of the left bundle branch
Abstract
Hereditary disorders of heart rhythm and conduction are known. We have not come across a description of familial cases of blockade of the anterior branch of the left bundle branch (LBV) in the literature. Diagnosis of BLPV is possible only with the help of an electrocardiographic study.



Clinic of acute stenosing laryngotracheitis in children
Abstract
To study the clinical features of modern stenosing laryngotracheitis, we analyzed 365 cases of acute respiratory infections with croup syndrome. Patients received mainly J in the autumn-winter period (53%), less often in the spring months (31%). There were 71.8% of boys and 28.2% of girls. 295 (80.8%) children had an unfavorable premorbid background I - frequent acute respiratory viral diseases, pneumonia, otitis media, tonsillitis, children's airborne infections. In 43 (11.8%) children, croup was repeated. I Acute respiratory disease with croup syndrome in 157 (43%) children was associated with manifestations of exudative diathesis, rickets, food and drug allergies, eating disorders, and thymomegaly. In 8 (2.2%) children, croup developed on background I of congenital stridor.



Immunotherapy of chronic nonspecific salpingo-oophoritis, depending on the state of reactivity of the organism
Abstract
The study of allergic and immunological reactivity in 50 patients with chronic nonspecific salpingo-oophoritis was carried out. The allergological anamnesis, the index of neutrophil damage, RBTL with PHA, the content of T and B-lymphocytes, immunoglobulins A, M and G. As a result of the examination, bacterial sensitization was established in 33 women, 13 of them in combination with drug and food.



Staged medical care for combined injuries of the chest and spine
Abstract
Based on 10 years of experience Kaz. Research Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedics in the treatment of victims with combined injuries of the chest and spine, the authors set out the principles of providing staged medical care. There are 2 stages: prehospital and hospital. The latter, in turn, is subdivided into two periods (the first - from the moment of admission to the 5-7th days, the second - from the 5-7th day to the moment of discharge from the hospital). The authors believe that the successful treatment of victims with combined injuries of the chest and spine depends on correct and timely therapy at all stages of medical care.



Socio-economic importance of injury prevention
Abstract
On the basis of literature data and analysis of the dynamics of injuries in Zelenodolsk region, the reality and effectiveness of comprehensive measures for the prevention of injuries and accidents are shown. The vanguard role of physicians in the prevention of injuries and the importance of measures for the preparation of an efficient sanitary asset are noted.





