Vol 63, No 6 (1982)

A comprehensive clinical and electrophysiological examination of 72 patients with severe traumatic brain injury was carried out. The types of the body's reaction to trauma with various manifestations of hemodynamic and external respiration disorders and the possibility of a targeted impact on the main pathogenetic mechanisms were determined.

Mathematical tables for express diagnostics of compression and noncompressive brain injuries based on Wald's algorithm have been developed. The initial data for their compilation were the clinical symptoms identified in 504 patients with traumatic brain injury and processed using a computer.

The results of treatment of fractures of the femoral neck in elderly and senile patients have been analyzed. It was found that complex prevention and intensive therapy of concomitant diseases play an important role in reducing mortality. Modern methods of treatment allow to obtain good and satisfactory results in 80% of patients with femoral neck fractures.

Summarizing the experience of surgical treatment of 225 patients with coxarthrosis, the authors came to the conclusion about the advisability of using intertrochanteric osteotomy at stage III of the process. The data of clinical and radiological, biomechanical and experimental studies made it possible to establish the limits of the possibility of using intertrochanteric osteotomy in severe coxarthrosis, as well as the peculiarities of the technique of intervention and the method of postoperative rehabilitation.

The age-related characteristics of the spine were studied on 945 spondylograms performed in two main projections and supplemented with special radiographs taken for medical reasons. The age-related dynamics of the main formations of the spine is reflected in terms of differential diagnosis of true radiological signs of spinal injuries and its age-related characteristics, simulating trauma. The results of X-ray anatomical studies of the spine, carried out in different age groups, showed that the assessment of the peculiarities of the X-ray anatomy of the spine in childhood, adolescence and adolescence contributes to the correct interpretation of X-ray data in pediatric neuropathology and neurosurgery, allowing to reduce the number of diagnostic errors, especially in traumatic injuries.

The analysis of treatment of 228 patients with echinococcal disease of internal organs in the Bashkir ASSR for 17 years was carried out. 162 people underwent surgical treatment, of which 139 - with echinococcosis of the liver and lungs. The operation of choice for the hydatid form of echinococcal disease should be considered a closed echinococcectomy. Due to the high percentage of relapses' (22.3) after surgical treatment, patients in this group require medical examination.

The state of aerobic oxidation of glucose was studied in 146 children with acute pneumonia and in 50 healthy children by determining the activity of lactate dehydrogenase, malate dehydrogenase and their isoenzymes, the content of pyruvic acid in the blood. It has been clinically established that with pneumonia there are violations of the contractility of the myocardium. Moreover, these disorders are in direct proportion to the depth of the shift in the ratio of aerobic and anaerobic processes in the body.

In the study of blood serum in 118 patients with different forms of otitis media, higher titers of anti-brain antibodies were found than in healthy ones. There was a correlation between the titer value and the intensity of the pathological process in the middle ear. A prognostically unfavorable sign in the occurrence of otogenic intracranial complications is the disappearance or a sharp drop in the titer of anti-brain antibodies during an exacerbation of chronic suppurative otitis media.

Treatment of multiple and associated injuries is the most urgent problem of modern traumatology. The number of patients admitted to trauma hospitals with similar injuries is steadily increasing every year and ranges from 7 to 25.1% of all inpatient trauma patients. Most often, multiple and concomitant injuries occur in traffic accidents - up to 50-70%.

The issues of prevention and reduction of the incidence of dysentery and other intestinal infections are an important problem in rural health care. In recent years, some success has been achieved in this direction, which was largely facilitated by the growth of material well-being and the level of sanitary culture, improvement of medical and sanitary-epidemiological services for the population.

In Zelenodolsk, the outcomes of congenital deformities treatment have been improved due to the widespread organization of early detection of congenital pathology in children. With the opening of the orthopedic and traumatological outpatient service as part of the surgical room, a real possibility of timely examination and treatment by a pediatric surgeon of almost all children in the first months of life living in the city appeared.

Investigated humoral immunity in 178 women. Of these, 103 had postpartum infectious diseases: 46 had postpartum mastitis, 37 had postpartum endometritis, and 20 had infectious complications after caesarean section. The control group consisted of healthy pregnant women at 39–40 weeks, non-pregnant women and postpartum women with a normal course of labor and the postpartum period.

We have the results of observations of 6 patients with parostal sarcoma, verified morphologically, which is approximately 5% of all patients with osteosarcomas that we have followed over the past 10 years. All patients were female, 2 of them were 25-26 years old, 4 were 35-40 years old. There is an opinion that older patients, in contrast to those suffering from other osteosarcomas, are characterized by a slower course of parostal sarcoma. At the same time, according to the Oncological Scientific Center of the USSR Academy of Medical Sciences, in 17 out of 25 patients with parostal osteosarcoma, the duration of the disease history before the first visit to the doctor was from 1 to 7 months. In patients 25-26 years of age, the duration of the anamnesis of the disease was 6-7 months. Women aged 35-40 years were observed without pronounced clinical complaints from 5 to 7 years.

The antibiotic monomycin has a wide spectrum of action, therefore it is often used in medical practice. The nephrotoxic effect of monomycin is mainly observed with prolonged parenteral administration and increased dosage. We observed a case of severe allergic reaction to parenteral administration of monomycin at an average therapeutic dose.

To study the clinical features of modern stenosing laryngotracheitis, we analyzed 365 cases of acute respiratory infections with croup syndrome. Patients received mainly J in the autumn-winter period (53%), less often in the spring months (31%). There were 71.8% of boys and 28.2% of girls. 295 (80.8%) children had an unfavorable premorbid background I - frequent acute respiratory viral diseases, pneumonia, otitis media, tonsillitis, children's airborne infections. In 43 (11.8%) children, croup was repeated. I Acute respiratory disease with croup syndrome in 157 (43%) children was associated with manifestations of exudative diathesis, rickets, food and drug allergies, eating disorders, and thymomegaly. In 8 (2.2%) children, croup developed on background I of congenital stridor.

Based on 10 years of experience Kaz. Research Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedics in the treatment of victims with combined injuries of the chest and spine, the authors set out the principles of providing staged medical care. There are 2 stages: prehospital and hospital. The latter, in turn, is subdivided into two periods (the first - from the moment of admission to the 5-7th days, the second - from the 5-7th day to the moment of discharge from the hospital). The authors believe that the successful treatment of victims with combined injuries of the chest and spine depends on correct and timely therapy at all stages of medical care.

The description of the microdermatome and the method of free dermatransplantation with transversal flaps are given. The use of such a microdermatome makes it possible to obtain transverse grafts with a survival rate of 65 to 90%.