Clinical and immunological features of opisthorchiasis

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Abstract

Aim. To assess the clinical and immunological features in patients with chronic opisthorchiasis, depending on the duration of the infection.

Methods. The first group consisted of 19 patients with the duration of the infection up to 1 year, the second group consisted of 21 patients with the duration of the infection between 1 and 5 years, the third group was formed of 23 patients with the duration of the disease more than 5 years, the control group — 20 healthy individuals. Immunological research was carried out at the Clinical Diagnostic Center. Statistical processing was performed using Microsoft Excel 2010 and Statistica 6.0 software. The statistical significance of differences was determined by using the Mann–Whitney test (U-test) at the level of significance of p <0.05. The correlations were assessed by calculating Spearman's rank correlation coefficients.Results Clinical features of chronic opisthorchiasis were revealed in the disease duration groups of up to 1 year, from 1 year to 5 years, more than 5 years: the subclinical course was most common in the group of up to 1 year; cholangiohepatitis prevailed in the group of between 1 to 5 years, allergic skin syndrome, cholangiocholecystitis and pancreatitis dominated in the group of more than 5 years. The immune response in chronic opisthorchiasis was characterized by: up to 1 year — lymphocytosis, increased levels of immunoglobulins M (IgM) and circulating immune complexes (CIC), a decrease in the number of T-lymphocytes (CD3+), as well as an increase in bactericidal activity of leukocytes (BAL); between 1 and 5 years — monocytosis, increased levels of immunoglobulins M, immunoglobulins G and circulating immune complexes, a decrease in T-cytotoxic lymphocytes (CD8+) and nitro blue tetrazolium (NBT test), as well as an increase in NK cells and phagocytic activity of monocytes, more than 5 years — eosinophilia.

Conclusion. Common features of rearrangement of the immune system in opisthorchiasis: inflammatory changes in the hemogram, activation of humoral immunity with parallel suppression of the cellular component of the immune system, and increased phagocytosis.

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About the authors

A U Sabitov

Ural State Medical University

Email: soldatoff.mitya2012@yandex.ru
Russian Federation, Yekaterinburg, Russia

D A Soldatov

Ural State Medical University

Author for correspondence.
Email: soldatoff.mitya2012@yandex.ru
Russian Federation, Yekaterinburg, Russia

Yu B Khamanova

Ural State Medical University

Email: soldatoff.mitya2012@yandex.ru
Russian Federation, Yekaterinburg, Russia

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2. Рис. 1. Корреляционная связь между длительностью инвазии до 1 года и уровнем циркулирующих иммунных комплексов (ЦИК)

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3. Рис. 2. Корреляционная связь между длительностью инвазии от 1 до 5 лет и уровнем CD3+-лимфоцитов

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4. Рис. 3. Корреляционная связь между длительностью инвазии от 1 до 5 лет и уровнем иммуноглобулина G (IgG)

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5. Рис. 4. Корреляционная связь между длительностью описторхозной инвазии и уровнем Т-хелперов

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6. Рис. 5. Корреляционная связь между длительностью описторхозной инвазии и уровнем цитотоксических лимфоцитов

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