Hepatocardial relationships in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: issues of epidemiology, diagnosis, prognosis



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Abstract

World statistics indicate a steady increase in the prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, which correlates with the pandemics of obesity and diabetes, which are quite common in Russia. The commonality of cardiometabolic risk factors, the high global prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases generates the interest of researchers in studying hepatocardial relationships. Currently, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is positioned as a hepatic manifestation of a multisystem disorder, heterogeneous in underlying causes, manifestations, course and outcomes. The purpose of this review was to analyze hepatocardial relationships based on publications. 76 sources on the epidemiology of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, published from 2011–2023 in journals indexed in Pubmed and eLibrary, were analyzed. Age and gender aspects of the development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease were considered. The pathogenetic mechanisms of hepatocardial relationships, which were closely related to systemic inflammation, insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome and its components, were highlighted. The criteria and methods for diagnosing non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and metabolic-associated liver disease were outlined. Recent studies demonstrated the presence of hepatocardial connections, characterized by an increased risk of developing atherosclerosis, cardiomyopathy and rhythm disturbances, changes in the structural and functional parameters and geometry of the heart, as well as diastolic dysfunction, which may precede and/or contribute to the development of chronic heart failure in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. The article presents data on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease as a new factor associated with the development of adverse cardiovascular events to a greater extent than the outcome of liver diseases themselves, which confirms the need for primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular diseases in this cohort of patients.

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About the authors

Renata R. Savzikhanova

Kazan State Medical University

Email: renatasavzihanova@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0009-0008-5906-7476
SPIN-code: 1658-9382

student

Russian Federation, Kazan

Dinara Olegovna Subkhangulova

Kazan State Medical University

Email: dinara.subkhangulova0404@yandex.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-0147-8503
SPIN-code: 8176-0595

student

Russian Federation, Kazan

Elena V. Khazova

Kazan State Medical University; Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University

Author for correspondence.
Email: hazova_elena@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-8050-2892
SPIN-code: 7013-4320
Scopus Author ID: 57205153574
ResearcherId: O-2336-2016

MD, Cand. Sci. (Med.), Assoc. Prof., Depart. of Propaedeutics of Internal Diseases Named after Professor SS. Zimnitsky; Research, UNIL “New Professional Competences in Health Preservation”, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology

Russian Federation, Kazan; Kazan

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