Peculiarities of Medical and Social Prevention of Dental Diseases in Preschool-Aged Children



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Abstract

Scientific data show the importance of implementing primary, secondary, and tertiary preventive measures against dental diseases beginning from the antenatal period. Dental diseases remain prevalent among children worldwide and are a substantial economic burden on public health systems. A comprehensive dental prevention program for pediatric populations should be based on early initiation (starting from the antenatal period), an interdisciplinary and intersectoral approach, and monitoring of program effectiveness. Countries with high pediatric dental disease prevalence are developing and implementing national programs for preventing early childhood caries and other dental diseases. Primary prevention of early childhood caries is crucial to reduce disease prevalence in children and adults. Secondary prevention focuses on stopping disease progression and promoting dental hard tissue remineralization. Tertiary prevention includes orthodontic and prosthetic treatment to restore dental arch defects. The Russian Ministry of Health has approved a clinical protocol for treating pediatric dental diseases, including the prevention of dental caries, periodontal diseases, and oral mucosal conditions. This protocol outlines treatment strategies such as nutritional correction (e.g., prescribing multivitamins and calcium supplements) and specifies follow-up intervals based on caries severity and comorbid conditions. A regional dental care model has been established in the Republic of Tatarstan, prioritizing prevention and development of socially oriented dental programs for vulnerable groups, including individuals with disabilities and children from disadvantaged backgrounds, tailored to regional patterns of dental morbidity.

About the authors

Madina N. Khadyeva

Kazan State Medical University

Author for correspondence.
Email: madina-565@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0009-0002-0643-0418
SPIN-code: 6211-9000

MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine), Assistant Lecturer, Depart. of Therapeutic Dentistry

Russian Federation, Kazan

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