Особенности медико-социальной профилактики стоматологических заболеваний у детей дошкольного возраста



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Аннотация

Анализ данных литературы подчёркивает важность проведения мероприятий по первичной, вторичной и третичной профилактике стоматологических заболеваний, начиная с антенатального периода развития плода. Стоматологические болезни среди детей разных возрастов остаются широко распространёнными заболеваниями во всём мире, в частности их диагностика и лечение сопряжены с высокими затратами для государства. Комплексная программа профилактики стоматологических заболеваний у детского населения должна основываться на следующих принципах: раннее начало (с антенатального периода), междисциплинарный и межведомственный подход, мониторинг эффективности действия программ. Страны с высокой распространённостью стоматологических заболеваний у детского населения разрабатывают и внедряют национальные программы по профилактике раннего детского кариеса и других стоматологических болезней. Первичная профилактика раннего детского кариеса является ключом к снижению рисков распространённости данного заболевания среди детей, а также в будущем и у взрослых. Вторичная профилактика направлена на предотвращение процессов прогрессирования стоматологических заболеваний и на активацию процессов реминерализации твёрдых тканей зубов. Третичная профилактика включает ортодонтическое и ортопедическое лечение, предполагающее восстановление дефектов зубного ряда. Минздравом России утверждён протокол ведения детей, страдающих стоматологическими заболеваниями, с разделом по профилактике кариеса зубов, заболеваний пародонта и слизистой полости рта, в нём определены лечебные мероприятия по коррекции питания (назначение поливитаминов, препаратов кальция), а также сроков наблюдения, в зависимости от интенсивности кариозного процесса и сопутствующей патологии. В Республике Татарстан создана организационно-функциональная модель стоматологической службы региона на основе приоритета профилактики и разработки социально ориентированных программ стоматологической помощи для декретированных групп населения, включая инвалидов и детей из социально неблагополучных семей, с учётом уровня стоматологической заболеваемости.

Об авторах

Мадина Наилевна Хадыева

Казанский государственный медицинский университет

Автор, ответственный за переписку.
Email: madina-565@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0009-0002-0643-0418
SPIN-код: 6211-9000

канд. мед. наук, ассистент, каф. терапевтической стоматологии

Россия, г. Казань

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