Vol 38, No 2-3 (1957)

40 Years of Soviet Health Care in Tatarstan

Yarmukhametova R.Y.

Abstract

С огромным подъемом народы Советского Союза и все прогрессивное человечество отпраздновали 40-ю годовщину Великой Октябрьской социалистической революции.

Вместе со всем народом отметила знаменательный юбилей Советской власти многотысячная армия медицинских и санитарных работников нашей республики.

Среди славных достижений нашего народа видное место занимают успехи по охране здоровья населения. Советское государство ассигнует большие средства для решения этой задачи и проводит широкие оздоровительные мероприятия, составляющие прочную основу профилактического направления советской медицины.

Kazan medical journal. 1957;38(2-3):5-9
pages 5-9 views

Achievements of Kazan State Medical Institute. To the 40th anniversary of the Great October Revolution

Vyaselev R.A.

Abstract

Kazan Medical Institute is one of the largest and oldest educational institutions in the country. It originated, as is known, as the medical faculty of Kazan University, founded in 1804. The development of the activities of the medical faculty in those days took place in difficult conditions of tsarist reaction. The faculty grew and expanded slowly. During 102 years of its actual existence until 1917 the medical faculty had produced only 4493 physicians. The social composition of the students was typical for that time - children of the nobility, large officials and merchants dominated. Children of workers and peasants were negligible. Among the students there were almost no Tatars, Chuvashs and Mordovians. Suffice it to say that in 100 years, only 19 doctors of Turkic and Tatar nationalities were graduated.

Kazan medical journal. 1957;38(2-3):10-16
pages 10-16 views

Scientific activity of the Kazan Institute for Advanced Training of Physicians to the 40th Anniversary of the Great October Socialist Revolution

Danilov I.V., Vylegzhanin N.I.

Abstract

The Institute was founded on April 23, 1920. Its emergence in 1920 in Kazan was not a coincidence.
After the victorious end of the war with the interventionists, the Soviet state was faced with the task of peaceful economic construction. The transition from war to peaceful construction was associated with enormous difficulties in all spheres of the economy, and, of course, in the field of health care.
A responsible task arose: to create an orderly system of health care which would meet the requirements of the workers' and peasants' state.

Kazan medical journal. 1957;38(2-3):17-21
pages 17-21 views

Kazan State Research Institute of Restorative Surgery and Orthopedics for the 40th Anniversary of the Great October Revolution

Shulutko L.I., Tarnopolsky Y.I.

Abstract

Over the past 12 years the staff of the institute has done significant work.
More than 30 thousand patients, including 14 thousand disabled veterans of the Great Patriotic War, were treated in the hospitals of the institute during these years. The specialized traumatological aid was rendered to 60 thousand patients.
Research work at the institute is conducted on two main problems: "Restorative and orthopedic treatment of disabled veterans of the Great Patriotic War" and "Issues of Traumatology".

Kazan medical journal. 1957;38(2-3):22-23
pages 22-23 views

Major milestones in the development of the Kazan Research Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology over 40 years

Nemshilova N.A.

Abstract

Professor N. F. Vysotsky played an outstanding role in the organization of the Institute. Initially the bacteriological institute consisted of 3 departments: serum, Pasteur and scientific. At the same time the Institute was a training base of the Medical Institute of Kazan University.
From the first years of its existence, the most prominent figure of the Kazan Bacteriological Institute was I.I. Mechnikov's pupil, Professor I.G. Savchenko, who made a valuable contribution to the phagocytic theory of his teacher.

Kazan medical journal. 1957;38(2-3):24-28
pages 24-28 views

Recent achievements of Soviet scientists in the field of physiology and pathology of digestion

Kurtsin I.T.

Abstract

Among Soviet scientists working in the field of digestive physiology and pathology, a good tradition has been firmly established: periodically gathering for scientific conferences to discuss the latest achievements in digestive physiology and pathology. The first such conference was held in Kharkov in 1938, the second - in 1940 in Leningrad, the third - in 1943 in Gorki, the fourth - in 1947 in Odessa, the fifth - in 1951 in Leningrad, the sixth - in 1954 in Kiev and the last, seventh - in 1957 in Tartu.
A characteristic feature of all these conferences is that they gather not only specialists in physiology and pathology, biochemistry and morphology of the digestive apparatus, but also clinicians, mostly therapists and surgeons. Such communication is beneficial for the further development of theoretical and practical medicine. It reflects that union of physiology and clinic, which was created by works of coryphaei of a national science: physiologist I.P. Pavlov and physician S.P. Botkin.

Kazan medical journal. 1957;38(2-3):29-36
pages 29-36 views

On diagnosis of mitral stenosis, indications for its surgical dilation and some issues of surgical tactics in this operation

Shestakov S.V., Libov S.L.

Abstract

Currently, commissurotomy for left ventricular orifice narrowing is increasingly used with significant success. There is considerable literature on indications and contraindications for surgical treatment of mitral stenosis, but there is still no unity of opinion, especially in patients with severe circulatory insufficiency.
This article presents our observations and considerations on the diagnosis of left ventricular stenosis, indications for its surgical treatment, as well as on some issues of surgical tactics in this operation.

Kazan medical journal. 1957;38(2-3):37-42
pages 37-42 views

Some issues of etiology and pathogenesis of dystrophic processes in peripheral nerve damage

Shulutko L.I.

Abstract

A large number of clinical and experimental works are devoted to the study of trophic disorders in peripheral nerve injuries.
The authors were mostly interested in the mechanism of trophic disorders and their treatment.
The most frequent tissue trophic disorders were observed in the injured with peripheral nerve injuries. In the vast majority of cases these were gunshot wounds that partially or completely violated the integrity of the nerve trunk, accompanied by a prolonged suppuration process, which left more or less significant traces in the whole body, in the damaged nerves and in the surrounding soft tissues.

Kazan medical journal. 1957;38(2-3):43-48
pages 43-48 views

To the doctrine of eczema pathogenesis

Yasnitsky N.N.

Abstract

Having studied for the last years in the clinic a big and complicated question about the role and importance of reactivity of an organism in pathogenesis of dermatoses and eczema in particular, we came to a conclusion that changes in the higher nervous activity can influence the reactivity of an organism, thereby creating favorable conditions for manifestation of various causative factors in nature.
We set out to study the role of changes in the higher nervous activity in the pathogenesis of different forms of acute and chronic eczema. The material served as our clinical observations, recorded in the case histories of 204 patients of our clinic.

Kazan medical journal. 1957;38(2-3):49-54
pages 49-54 views

X-ray diagnosis of blind skull wounds

Faizullin M.K.

Abstract

Both during the Great Patriotic War and in the postwar years, many works were devoted to the radiological study of blind gunshot wounds of the skull, but only a small number of these works refer to blind brain wounds (I.S. Babchin and H.S. Kosinskaya, M.B. Kopylov, G.N. Traister and P.N. Smelyansky and others). Although these works contributed to the improvement of precise X-ray diagnostics of blind wounds, a unified method of X-ray examination of the skull and brain injuries has not been developed yet; also there is no generally accepted form of presenting the results of X-ray examination. This circumstance prompted us to publish the present report, devoted to the technique of interpreting and logging radiographs for blind cranial wounds, based on the results of many years of work in wartime and peacetime neurosurgical institutions and on the study of the existing radiological literature.

Kazan medical journal. 1957;38(2-3):55-62
pages 55-62 views

Experience of using radioactive iodine J131 in the treatment of patients with hyperthyroidism

Goldstein M.I., Berezovsky B.S.

Abstract

The diagnostic and therapeutic use of radioactive isotopes is very popular in modern clinics. Radiative energy of various radioactive substances is used.
Of particular interest are those radioactive isotopes that have a selective ability to absorb and concentrate in individual organs. Such isotopes include radioactive iodine - J131, which is widely used for functional diagnosis of the thyroid gland and in the treatment of some thyroid diseases.

Kazan medical journal. 1957;38(2-3):63-67
pages 63-67 views

On gastric polyposis

Amfiteatrova N.F.

Abstract

The question of polyposis of the stomach becomes particularly important because it can be considered proven that polyps are a precancerous gastric disease. A. V. Melnikov points out: "At present there are no authors, except Freidley, who would doubt the possibility of developing cancer from a polyp. Ratner believes that all 100% polyps are "potentially malignant."
С. С. Weil writes, "A gastric polyp is tantamount to cancer - cancer will be."

Kazan medical journal. 1957;38(2-3):68-73
pages 68-73 views

Comparative evaluation of some methods of bronchial asthma treatment

Grinberg Y.M., Lizunova M.I., Smirnov I.M.

Abstract

Bronchial asthma is quite widespread, but its causes have not yet been fully explored, and there are no radical methods of treatment for this disease. In view of this we decided to share our data obtained as a result of observation of 112 patients with bronchial asthma who were hospitalized for the last 5 years at the Faculty Therapeutic Clinic of Kuibyshev Medical Institute and at the Therapeutic Department of the Hospital.
Among our patients there were 41 male and 71 female patients, with ages ranging from 14 to 60. We could not note any predominance of any age grouping. Among those who contracted asthma there were 48 workers, 37 office workers, 6 pupils and 21 housewives. 

Kazan medical journal. 1957;38(2-3):73-77
pages 73-77 views

Treatment of inflammatory processes in the mammary gland and subcutaneous tissue by punctures with antibiotics

Korolkova O.A.

Abstract

In daily work in maternity and gynecological hospitals obstetrician-gynecologist often have to observe in mothers, newborns and gynecological patients inflammatory foci in the breast area (mastitis) and in the subcutaneous tissue. The latter are usually observed after injection of medicinal solutions, especially concentrated solutions of magnesia sulphate, but also ichthyol, camphor, campolone and others.
Despite the numerous works on the treatment of these inflammatory processes, obstetrician-gynecologists and surgeons have not yet reached a consensus on this topical issue for the practitioner.

Kazan medical journal. 1957;38(2-3):78-82
pages 78-82 views

On the effect of synthomycin on the cardiovascular system in typhoid fever

Abdullina K.B.

Abstract

The greatest modern achievement in typhoid fever therapy was the use of synthomycin and levomycetin. In this way, as shown by V. N. Orekhovich, G., P. Rudnev, A. F. Bilibin and many others, it is possible to achieve rapid improvement of the general state of patients, the relief of fever and reduction of the period of the disease. But the question of the cardiovascular system condition, the frequency of brucellosis myocarditis and subsequent changes of cardiovascular activity during synthomycin treatment has not been specifically studied. We made an attempt to clarify the effect of synthomycin on the cardiovascular system during typhoid fever. For this purpose we compared changes of the cardiovascular system in 50 patients with typhoid fever treated by usual methods and in 54 patients who received, along with symptomatic therapy, treatment with synthomycin.

Kazan medical journal. 1957;38(2-3):83-86
pages 83-86 views

Etiology and basics of laboratory diagnosis of influenza

Vyaseleva S.M.

Abstract

Despite the fact that influenza as an epidemic disease has been known for centuries, scientifically substantiated data on its causative agent date back to 1931-1933 and are associated with the success of a young discipline - virology. Only the studies of bacteriologists of the end of the last century, who tried to discover the agent of influenza by bacteriological methods, are of historical interest. Thus, in 1889, Afanasyev, and in 1892, Pfeiffer found in sputum of patients small, motionless Gram-negative bacilli hardly cultivated on nutrient media. These bacilli, called Influenza bacilli, were described by them as the causative agent of influenza.

Kazan medical journal. 1957;38(2-3):87-94
pages 87-94 views

Clinic and treatment of influenza

Reznik A.E.

Abstract

The 1957 influenza pandemic swept every country in the world and was characterized by an extremely high morbidity rate. Such a widespread spread of influenza has attracted the attention not only of medical professionals but also of the general public to the issues of influenza clinic and prevention.
The first reliable description of a flu epidemic dates back to 1510, when the disease, which began in Malta, spread to Italy, France, Spain and other European countries. According to Hirsch, from 1510 to 1850 there were 9 extensive pandemics and 125 separate pandemic outbreaks in Europe. One of the most significant pandemics began in Bukhara in May 1889 and spread throughout the globe within a year and a half. The most violent influenza pandemic in human history, "Spanish Flu," began in 1918 and within a year and a half covered every part of the globe, causing enormous casualties.

Kazan medical journal. 1957;38(2-3):95-102
pages 95-102 views

Peat and peat-pine applications in a community hospital

Rakhmatullin R.N.

Abstract

Used by us since 1951 for medicinal purposes peat has the following physical and chemical properties: degree of decomposition - 60-65%, ash content - 12%, humidity - 45%; contains 15.4% of sulfur dioxide. By means of bacteriological study of peat we were convinced in the absence of pathogenic microorganisms in it. We did not subject the natural peat to drying. Before heating, the peat was crushed to a homogeneous mass.

Kazan medical journal. 1957;38(2-3):103-104
pages 103-104 views

A case of Markiafava-Mikeli disease

Korolev A.M.

Abstract

Chronic hemolytic anemia with intravascular hemolysis, Markiafau-Mikeli disease, first described in 1911, is an extremely rare disease. According to Grosby, only 162 cases have been described in the world literature. But, as G.V. Osechenskaya rightly points out, despite the rarity of the disease, the severity of the course of the disease, difficulty of diagnosis, lack of reliable means of treatment make every case to be carefully studied. This prompts us to publish our observation.

Kazan medical journal. 1957;38(2-3):105-107
pages 105-107 views

To the treatment of incipient mastitis

Kozlov L.A.

Abstract

The initial stage of this disease attracts by its possibility to stop the process completely and thus to relieve a nursing mother from unpleasant consequences. In this direction we were attracted by the statement of Professor A.V. Vishnevsky that "application of novocaine block in patients at the beginning of development of postpartum mastitis made it possible to stop the process in almost all cases within a day.
Let me cite the results of treatment of 16 postpartum patients who had mastitis on the 3rd-6th day of their stay in the maternity department. The disease began acutely with a fever of 39-40°.

Kazan medical journal. 1957;38(2-3):108-109
pages 108-109 views

A case of perforative gastric ulcer in a child

Arkhipov E.P.

Abstract

Kolya K., 4 years 8 months old, fell ill at 10 a.m. on 26/X-56. Suddenly, after a coughing fit, he had severe abdominal pain and vomited food several times. Diagnosed with intestinal obstruction, appendicitis, the patient was referred to a surgical department. On admission, the boy's condition was severe, anxious, complaining of constant severe abdominal pain. There were no stools, gases were not discharged. Consciousness is clear.

Kazan medical journal. 1957;38(2-3):110-111
pages 110-111 views

A case of photo-imaging agent poisoning

Fedorov M.I., Talantov V.V.

Abstract

Acute lethal poisonings with photoprothylene ("metol") are described extremely rarely. In the available literature we found only one work devoted to the clinic and morphology of this poisoning (T.A. Savelieva). This issue is also insufficiently covered in manuals on occupational and domestic poisonings, which affects the provision of effective care. From this point of view, our case can be of interest for clinicians, forensic physicians and pathologists.

Kazan medical journal. 1957;38(2-3):112-114
pages 112-114 views

The Kazan period of V.M. Bekhterev's activity

Andreev V.P.

Abstract

V. M. Bekhterev was one of the founders of the anatomico-physiological direction in psychiatry. His activity in this field was especially fruitful in Kazan. Here he completed his classic work "Brain and spinal cord pathways", which is a reference book for neuropathologists and psychiatrists up to now. Here he (partly with N. A. Mislavsky) carried out a number of original experimental studies of functions of different parts of brain and wrote many works on elucidation of the influence of cerebral cortex on innervation of heart, vessels, breathing, stomach, intestines, bladder, vagina, pupil muscles, activity of lacrimal and salivary glands. These works indicate that V.M. Bekhterev was one of the first in the world to deal with the question of cortical regulation of vegetative functions of visceral organs.

Kazan medical journal. 1957;38(2-3):115-117
pages 115-117 views

Schools of Kazan surgeons and their importance for the development of national surgery

Sokolov N.V.

Abstract

Kazan has long been one of the centers of surgical culture, and it is not without reason that Academician H. N. Burdenko said in his speech in 1940 at the meeting devoted to the 175th anniversary of the 1st Moscow Medical Institute: "The Kazan and Kharkov centers (surgical) have created interesting and original concepts, animating the attention of scientific and practical surgeons and obliging them to test and apply their suggestions." The development of surgical schools in Kazan is connected with the names of V.I. Razumovsky (1857-1935) and A.V. Vishnevsky (1874-1948) - the natives of Kazan University.

Kazan medical journal. 1957;38(2-3):118-121
pages 118-121 views

Screening for obliterative endarteritis

Shubin V.N.

Abstract

In 1953, we suggested the necessity to dispensary patients with obliterating endarteritis. Somewhat earlier and later, similar proposals were made by Lidsky, I. Ioffe, Shabanov, Zakharova and others. Then, practical steps were taken to implement these suggestions. Thus, in Sverdlovsk, Saratov, Kazan, Leningrad, and other cities, dispensary activities were carried out which more or less fully resolved the objectives. The time has come to summarize some results of these activities and outline a further plan to combat obliterative endarteritis.

Kazan medical journal. 1957;38(2-3):122-125
pages 122-125 views

Some issues of emergency therapeutic care in outpatient clinics

Messel M.A.

Abstract

The correct and proper organization of emergency therapeutic care is of great importance in the work of outpatient clinics and hospitals. However, the issues of emergency therapeutic care are not always and everywhere given the attention they deserve by chief physicians and heads of therapeutic departments.
As a result of this attitude, the staff of individual polyclinics are not instructed on this issue, and the chief physicians of the associations and their deputies for polyclinics believe that emergency therapeutic care should be entrusted to the emergency rooms of the hospitals combined with polyclinics.

Kazan medical journal. 1957;38(2-3):126-130
pages 126-130 views

Notes on a stay in the People's Republic of China

Rusetsky I.I.

Abstract

The peoples of the Soviet Union joyfully greet the solemn date of the 40th anniversary of the October Revolution. The 40th anniversary of the existence of the world's first socialist state is widely celebrated by the peoples of the democratic republics and the working masses throughout the world. This holiday was also a great celebration of the great China of many millions, which has already passed the eight-year journey of building socialism.
I stayed in the People's Republic of China for a year and a half, lived in Beijing, visited Shanghai, Nanjing, Hangzhou, Tianjin. During the year and a half I became somewhat familiar with the sights of the cities, with Chinese customs and peculiarities, with the construction of socialism in the PRC, the state of science, and, most importantly, I became close to Chinese comrades - our forever faithful friends.

Kazan medical journal. 1957;38(2-3):131-134
pages 131-134 views

All-Union Conference on Therapeutic Nutrition

Chudina M.K.

Abstract

On May 27-31, 1957, the II All-Union Conference on Therapeutic Nutrition was held in Moscow, organized by the Ministry of Public Health of the USSR and the Institute of Nutrition of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR. More than 500 clinicians, physiologists, representatives of medical and food industry took part in the conference. Scientists from Czechoslovakia, Poland, Bulgaria and Romania attended and participated in the conference.
On the agenda of the conference were actual questions of therapeutic nutrition in diseases of the metabolism, cardiovascular, gastrointestinal and other diseases of internal organs, as well as questions of vitamin therapy. At the final session there were reports on the organization of therapeutic feeding.

Kazan medical journal. 1957;38(2-3):135-140
pages 135-140 views

About the scientific session dedicated to the memory of G.I. Markelov

Akhmerov U.S.

Abstract

From May 24 to 27, 1957, in the city of Odessa, a scientific session of the Odessa Scientific Research Psychoneurological Institute was held. Odessa Scientific Session of the Odessa Research Psychoneurological Institute was held in memory of Grigory Ivanovich Markelov (1880-1952), the institute's organizer and permanent leader, a great neuro-geologist. More than 50 reports were presented at the session from various republics and cities concerning the questions of physiology, pathology and methods of examination of the vegetative parts of the nervous system.

Kazan medical journal. 1957;38(2-3):141-142
pages 141-142 views

Problem of chronic hepatitis and cirrhosis at the IX All-Union Conference of Physicians

Yaroshevsky A.Y.

Abstract

The IX All-Union Conference of Physicians was held in Leningrad on October 23-25, to commemorate the 40th anniversary of the Great October Socialist Revolution. The conference heard a number of reports on the successes of certain sections of therapy during the 40 years of socialist construction.

Kazan medical journal. 1957;38(2-3):143-148
pages 143-148 views

New apparatus for determining the basic metabolism (AOV type)

Abdrakhmanov M.I., Logvinov I.A.

Abstract

By order of the Ministry of Health of the USSR, the team of the Kazan Design Bureau designed and tested a new, closed-type apparatus for determination of basal metabolism. A distinctive feature of the new apparatus from similar apparatuses of other types (Douglas-Holden, Mole, etc.) is that it makes it possible to conduct basic metabolism tests in humans in three ways: with pure oxygen alone (bellows volume - 6 liters); with a gas mixture of 30 liters of atmospheric air and 6 liters of pure oxygen, with a chemical carbon dioxide absorber turned off, or with the same gas mixture with a carbon dioxide absorber turned on.

Kazan medical journal. 1957;38(2-3):149-152
pages 149-152 views

А. I. Savitsky. Lung Cancer. 1957, Moscow

Ratner Y.A.

Abstract

Book by A. I. Savitsky "Lung cancer" fully and concisely covers current views on the etiopathogenesis of the disease, the diagnosis and surgical treatment according to the literature and his own extensive experience.
The book contains six chapters (272 pages). The first three chapters briefly and consistently outline the anatomy of the lungs and pleura, the etiology and pathological anatomy of lung cancer (65 pages in total). More than two-thirds of the book is devoted to symptomatology, diagnosis, and surgical treatment (207 pages). The book is intended mainly for oncologic surgeons, but it will also be of interest to therapists and radiologists.

Kazan medical journal. 1957;38(2-3):153-154
pages 153-154 views

Method for storage and shipment of sera for virological analysis

Stepanov K.D., Suerbaeva G.G.

Abstract

Nowadays, doctors are increasingly diagnosing tick-borne encephalitis. To confirm this diagnosis, a complex virological study of the patient's serum is required, which is usually performed in large medical centers. Tick-borne encephalitis occurs mainly in rural areas. The existing ways of storage and transfer of sera are either very complicated or do not guarantee sterility and cannot be recommended for wide use in rural areas.
We offer our way of storing and shipping sera for virological analysis.

Kazan medical journal. 1957;38(2-3):155-155
pages 155-155 views

Abstracts. Vol. 38, No. 2-3 (1957)

Abstract

A 1956 review of the literature on alcoholism shows that the ratio of men to women with alcoholism was 6 : 1 in the United States, 2 : 1 in England, and 28 : 1 in the Scandinavian countries. In 1953, there were 4.5 million alcoholics in the United States; the male-to-female ratio among them was 5.5 : 1; there were 43.91 alcoholics per 1,000 adults. Compared to 1940, the number of alcoholics had increased by 44%. In Sweden, after 40 years of restrictions on the sale of alcohol, the number of alcoholics has increased by 125%, in large cities by 200% and among women by 80%.

Kazan medical journal. 1957;38(2-3):156-158
pages 156-158 views

Chronicle. Vol. 38, No. 2-3 (1957)

Abstract

From October 21 to 24 this year in Kazan were held an interregional conference of medical workers of the Volga region and the XIII visiting scientific session of the Herzen State Institute of Oncology.
In the conference participated 449 people, among them 247 scientific workers and practical doctors of Kazan city. Among them 247 scientific workers and practical doctors from Kazan city, 60 persons from other cities and districts of Tatarstan and 142 persons from other republics and regions.

Kazan medical journal. 1957;38(2-3):159-161
pages 159-161 views

Report on the activities of the Kazan Scientific Society of Neuropathologists and Psychiatrists for 1957

Abstract

Members of the Board: Chairman Prof. I.I. Rusetsky, Vice-Chairmen: Prof. L.I. Omorokov, M.P. Andreev, Executive Secretary - docent V.P. Andreev, secretary-assoc. Е. S. Stankevich, Treasurer - Assoc. A. N. Smirnov, members of the Board - Assoc. U. Sh. Akhmerov, chief physician of the CPNB F.F. Davletshin and physician L.A. Kislitsyn. The term of office of the Board expires on April 24, 1960.  The total number of members of the Society is 101. During the last year there was an increase of 41 members, mostly due to hospital physicians.

Kazan medical journal. 1957;38(2-3):162-163
pages 162-163 views


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