Liver condition in rats during the toxigenic period of polychlorinated biphenyl intoxication

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Abstract

BACKGROUND: Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) exert diverse toxic effects on humans and animals, leading to disruption of the liver barrier function.

AIM: This study aimed to investigate the dynamics of relative liver mass and liver tissue morphology in experimental rats during the toxigenic period following PCB subacute administration.

METHODS: PCB intoxication was modeled in male Wistar rats (n = 60) weighing 200 ± 15 g and aged 3–4 months. The experimental groups were categorized as follows: Day 1 (n = 10), Day 28 (n = 10), and Day 56 (n = 10). Each experimental group had a corresponding control group (n = 10). The experimental rats (n = 30) received a daily oral administration of oil suspension of PCBs at a dose of 300 mg/kg body weight for 28 days, whereas the control rats received sunflower oil. Liver tissue samples were collected on days 1, 28, and 56 of the experiment for morphological analysis. The relative liver mass and the percentage of normal, abnormal, and degenerative hepatocytes were assessed. Descriptive statistics were applied, including the median Me (Q1 25%, Q3 75%), and the Mann–Whitney U test was used for non-parametric samples. Differences were considered statistically significant at p < 0.05.

RESULTS: On day 1 of the toxigenic period, the relative liver mass of the experimental rats increased by 1.2 times (p = 0.0496) compared with that of the control rats. By day 28, the relative liver mass of the experimental rats significantly decreased by 1.2 times (p = 0.0152) compared with that of the control rats. At the end of the experiment, by day 56, the relative liver mass significantly increased by 1.5 times (p = 0.0049) compared with the control values and by 1.8 times compared with that by day 28 (p = 0.0036). Morphological analysis of the liver tissue in experimental rats revealed abnormally enlarged hepatocytes (14%) on day 1 following the cessation of PCB administration. During the toxigenic period, the number of these cells increased to 35% on day 28 (p = 0.0002) and 47% on day 56 (p = 0.0002). At the end of the study, necrotically altered hepatocytes accounted for 22% of the total hepatocytes. Lymphoid cells were diffusely distributed along the intralobular sinusoidal capillaries and were present in the interlobular loose connective tissue within the portal zones of the liver.

CONCLUSION: In experimental animals with subacute PCB intoxication, inflammatory and destructive histomorphological changes were observed in the liver, along with an increase in the relative liver mass.

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About the authors

Aigul A. Gainullina

Bashkir State Medical University

Email: Gainullina@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0009-0009-6351-8943
SPIN-code: 8416-1510

Senior Lecturer, Depart. of Normal Physiology

Russian Federation, 3 Lenin street, 450008, Ufa

Irina R. Gabdulkhakova

Bashkir State Medical University

Email: sabirova.i@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-8416-0719
SPIN-code: 9320-8161

MD, Cand. Sci (Med.), Assistant Prof., Depart. of Normal Physiology

Russian Federation, 3 Lenin street, 450008, Ufa

Aliya F. Kayumova

Bashkir State Medical University

Email: annikachka@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-1983-1392
SPIN-code: 3949-6591

MD, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Prof., Head of the Depart. of Normal Physiology

Russian Federation, 3 Lenin street, 450008, Ufa

Klara R. Ziyakaeva

Bashkir State Medical University

Author for correspondence.
Email: krziyak@yandex.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-3923-2736
SPIN-code: 3834-5307

Cand. Sci (Bio.), Assistant Prof., Depart. of Normal Physiology

Russian Federation, 3 Lenin street, 450008, Ufa

Oksana V. Samokhodova

Bashkir State Medical University

Email: oksamohodova@yandex.ru
ORCID iD: 0009-0002-8954-4401
SPIN-code: 4277-6990

MD, Cand. Sci (Med.), Assistant Prof., Depart. of Normal Physiology

Russian Federation, 3 Lenin street, 450008

References

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2. Fig. 1. Liver tissue micropreparations: a — control group: 1 — hepatic lobules; 2 — central veins, from which hepatic plates (trabeculae) formed by hepatocytes depart along the periphery. Hematoxylin and eosin stained; b — experimental group “1-st day of toxigenic period”: 1 — accumulation of lymphocytes in the interlobular connective tissue of the liver on the 1st day of the toxigenic period; c — experimental group “28th day of the toxigenic period”: 1 — lymphoid accumulation around the portal zone; 2 — aggregation of red blood cells;, 3 — thickening of the connective tissue of the liver; d — experimental group “56th day of the toxigenic period”: 1 — the zone of destruction of the vessel with hemorrhage; 2 — blood accumulation in the liver tissue; 3 — hypertrophied hepatocytes and their nuclei. Hematoxylin and eosin stained. Photomicrograph, ×400. The photo was taken in the hematology laboratory of the Department of Normal Physiology of the Bashkir State Medical University.

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