Vol 74, No 6 (1993)

Since 1981, the first unified system AGIS "Health" (automated state information system) began to operate in the city sanitary and epidemiological station to study the morbidity of the population in connection with the quality of the environment.

In the context of the accelerated development of scientific and technological progress and the growth of industrial production, one of the most important state tasks is the protection of the environment and the health of living and future generations of people. In order to study the health status of the population and the ecological situation in the Spassky region of Tataria, we carried out a comprehensive environmental study of snow cover, drinking water, soil, crop and livestock products for the content of radionuclides, pesticides of 14 groups in food, nitrosamines in everyday products. In-depth medical examinations were attended by specialists from the RCH (oncologist, surgeon, therapist, neuropathologist, etc.).

The chemicalization of the national economy, based on the widespread use of chemical products, increases the contact and the possibility of harmful effects of chemicals on workers, affects the level of morbidity with temporary disability (TDI), and causes damage to the health of workers and the economy.

The production of organic peroxides at the Kazan Production Association Orgsintez was commissioned in 1970 under the project of Constructors John Brown (England). This is a large complex, which includes over 30 detached pavilion-type buildings. The layout of the premises in the production buildings is made in accordance with the existing sanitary and fire safety standards. Organic peroxides are used as initiators of polymerization, oxidizing agents, for the synthesis of dehydropolymers, epoxy derivatives, as bleaching materials. They have a local effect on the skin, mucous membranes of the eyes, upper and lower respiratory tract, penetrate through intact skin. Some of them affect the central nervous system. Their distinctive feature is the ability to induce methemoglobin formation. The mechanism of action of organic peroxides is due to their ability to oxidize a number of enzymes containing a thiol group. They are capable of causing hemolysis and inhibiting the activity of sulfhydrol enzymes.

Computer technology of scientific and practical research is now increasingly attracting the attention of specialists in sanitary toxicology. The existing experience of its use in related fields in the form of automated control systems (ACS), an automated workstation (AWP) of a specialist, an automated research system (ASNI) indicates that it can significantly reduce research time, improve the efficiency of using expensive equipment, and also informativeness of research using qualitatively new methods of data processing, to increase the accuracy and reliability of the results, to free the investigator from labor-intensive routines, operations, etc.

Organic dyes, including aniline derivatives, are widely used in the national economy. The volume of their production is constantly increasing, new compounds are being developed, the degree of danger of which to humans is unknown. This determines the relevance of the primary sanitary and hygienic certification of its derivatives at the stage of laboratory and experimental industrial synthesis. Occupational risk in the production and use of dyes is due to direct contact of workers (inhalation and skin) with such compounds that are highly toxic, irritating, skin-resorptive, allergenic and long-term effects (mutagenic, embryotropic, teratogenic, carcinogenic).