Vol 22, No 2 (1926)

This February marks a quarter of a century since the death of Vyacheslav Avksentievich Manassein, a man who was "the living conscience of a Russian doctor" during his lifetime. The tremendous experiences that took place after the death of V. A-cha blocked his bright image from the eyes of the modern generation of Russian doctors. Now that our life has entered a calmer channel, the editors of the Kazan Medical Journal consider it their duty to remind fellow doctors about this true “teacher of life” and his precepts, especially since V. Ah was a Kazan by origin, and the editor of the Journal had the good fortune to be one of - alas! - the few who survived, his direct disciples.

February 13 Art. Art. 1926 will mark 25 years since the great doctor-teacher of life Vyacheslav Avksentievich Manassein left us, and all the good things associated with this dear name vividly rises before our eyes. The past 25th anniversary, outstanding for its grandiose events in Russian life, will forever remain memorable in the history of the country; but it overshadowed by its magnitude much that had happened before these years, including the glorious life and the charming figure of the doctor-teacher, who played a certain role in the preparation of the events experienced. The duty of us, who had the unforgettable happiness of learning from Vyacheslav Avksentievich, is to revive in the memory of contemporaries and give young doctors at least a faint sketch of who was and what the “clergyman of the secular church”, a true teacher of life and friend of the disadvantaged, was doing. His life was unusually modest and simple, without any loud and brilliant speeches and events, proceeding in tireless work and care for others; but, as a true teacher of life, V.A. can stand next to two outstanding Russian doctors: N.I. Pirogov and S.P. Botkin.

My memories date back to 1884, when I lived in St. Petersburg and worked (preparing a thesis) in the laboratory of prof. NP Ivanovsky at the Military Medical Academy. Bykov was then the head of the Academy, prof. N.P. Dobroslavin. The central figures in the professorship of the Academy were S. P. Botkin, V. L. Gruber, V. V. Pashutin, K. F. Slavyansky and V. A. Manassein.

One of the main works of my late teacher, Professor V.A.Manassein, relates to the study of changes in blood during experimental fever. The data of this work are still cited in monographs on this issue. Vyacheslav Avksentievich, one of the first Russian doctors, worked on the study of morphological changes in blood in various pathological conditions and, sending me to work abroad, he strongly recommended that I pay special attention to this department of pathology and the clinic. Wishing to mark the memory of my teacher in some way, I allow myself in this small work to report the results of my clinic's research on the morphology of blood in cardiac patients during the period of disturbance of the compensation of cardiac activity.

Probably, every doctor more than once in his time heard the instructions of professors about the need for a broad individualization of treatment. As a student of the unforgettable Vyacheslav Avksentievich Manassein, I especially remember his inspired words about the destructive harm of a template in this area. And indeed, summing up your own observations, you involuntarily come to the same conclusion that templates and schemes harm both the patients who are used and the doctor himself, whose thought ceases to be free and creative and gradually learns to fit into previously prepared forms, trying to drive away painful doubts and work in a light atmosphere of pre-drawn diagrams, in conditions of least resistance.

On June 10, 1925, a hammer workshop worker R. was delivered to the Infirmary, who that morning received a blow in the stomach with an 8-pound piece of steel that bounced off while cutting metal.

The World War and the revolution that followed it brought not only a lot of new things into social and personal life, especially in Russia, but they fundamentally disrupted the old way of life. The time we are experiencing has affected all aspects of our life, and, unfortunately, significantly increased the pathological processes in it. This opened up a wide scope for medical practice. Epidemics, many new diseases, an increase in morbidity in general, etc. - should have attracted the attention of doctors of all specialties. No less than others, obstetricians and gynecologists were interested in this, because the life changes associated with the war and the revolution affected not only the male, but also the female half of our population.

While primary peritoneal pregnancy is the greatest rarity, and even the very possibility of it is rejected by some authors, secondary peritoneal pregnancy is known to be observed quite often. However, cases of full-term pregnancies of this kind do not occur so often, which prompts me to describe one such case that I operated on.

In No. 12 of the "Medical Newspaper" for the expired 1925, in the chronicle section, a note was published. This note testifies that the question posed in the title of this article is really ripe for us and urgently requires one or another resolution.

The classic studies of R. Koch'a showed for the first time that an organism infected with tbc reacts in a completely different way to the introduction of tbc cultures and various cultures derived from them. drugs than a normal animal that has not yet had a chance to get acquainted with the tbc antigen. Koch's main experiments boil down to the following: if you inject a healthy guinea pig with a pure culture of tbc rods, then, as a rule, the wound at the site of the injection heals up and seems to heal in the first days: however, then, within 10-14 days, a solid a nodule that soon opens and forms a place ulcerating until the death of the animal; at the same time, swelling of the nearest lymph glands develops, and later the generalization of the process occurs.

In contrast to the data of Steudel'ya M. Ya. Kalf-Calif (Doctor. Delo, 1925, No. 21) in his experiments found that there is no definite relationship between the intensity of putrefactive fermentation processes in the intestine and the release of uric acid.

It has been established that amino acids enter the bloodstream through the intestinal walls in an unchanged form, and both these substances and parenterally administered protein breakdown products cannot be detected either in serum or in whole blood soon after their introduction. BI Zbarsky (Zhurn. Exp. Biol., 1925, No. 1) explains this fact by the adsorption of protein breakdown products by blood erythrocytes, from which these products can be easily separated by simple boiling, and which transfer these products to the cells of the body.

Master (Journ of Amer. Med. Ass., 1925, No. 10), examining the blood of 15 patients suffering from primary cancer of the esophagus, found in them either a normal blood composition, or even an increase in the number of red blood cells against the norm.

At one time, Roch proposed a test with methylene blue for this purpose: he injected the patients with the last peros in the amount of 2 mg. and watched the appearance of this paint in the urine; in people with a healthy liver, provided that the kidneys are intact, the blue is delayed, and the urine remains unstained, while with a diseased liver, the color of urine becomes more or less greenish-blue.

Experimental studies of V. A. Lyubarsky, N. L. Zhivago and A. F. Korzhinskaya (Arch. Exp. Biol. And Med., 1925, No. 1) convinced these authors that bacteriolysis (lipolysis) of tbc bacilli in immune the body does not occur - the immunity to tbc is of a cellular nature, namely, in the immune body, tbc bacilli are fixed in order to isolate them from the body, which is achieved by the formation of tubercles with all their subsequent transformations. Along with this, there is a direct release of tbc rods from the body, which occurs through the bile and intestines. The specified mechanism of immunity is the same regardless of whether we are dealing with virulent or low-virulent bacilli. The same is the mechanism of immunity in relation to acid-resistant saprophytes.

Proposed by the Danish physician Molgaard, this remedy is, as you know, a double salt of gold and sodium thiosulfate.

Prof. VI Razumovsky (Med. Sat. Kavk. Min. V., issue 2, 1925), considers the following surgical diseases to be indicative of mud therapy; first of all, various forms of articular diseases, especially rheumatic ones with a chronic course, intra-articular and periarticular exudates, pain, stiffness, etc., as well as non-started gouty (on the contrary, infectious and toxic forms are more difficult to treat with mud), then chronic osteomyelitis and their consequences , thrombophlebitis (especially of gouty origin), consequences of varicose processes (dermatitis, leg ulcers, etc.), consequences of inflammatory processes in the abdominal cavity (perigastritis, pericholecystitis, periapendicitis, peri-and parametritis, etc.), ischias, chronic prostatitis, consequences trauma, some forms of tbc and, finally, angiosclerotic gangrene.

Ya. L. Povolotskaya (Tr. I S'ezda Khir. Lev. Ukr., 1925) ardently speaks out in favor of such a method, which presents a number of advantages over the use of the bandage. The surrounding burned area and the burned surfaces themselves are washed several times with alcohol, the bubbles are opened at the base, the hanging scraps of burned tissue are cut off, the undamaged tissue around the burn bridge is smeared with some indifferent ointment, for example. Vaseline, in case of need, the wound is protected from dust, flies, etc. - and this is the end of it. In the future, all care consists in daily cleansing of the healthy skin surrounding the burn with alcohol and lubrication with an indifferent ointment, while the doctor does not touch the wound itself.

V.G. Przhevalsky (Tr. I Congress of Khir. Levob. Ukraine, Khark., 1925) draws attention to 3 signs of this disease.

Martin (Zentr. F. Chir., 1925, no. 40) completely reject the reasons that, according to many authors, are responsible for the origin of gastroptosis, for example, corded liver, wearing corsets and a saggy belly.

Klee's experiments on cats have shown that switching off both vagus nerves causes atony of the stomach and small intestines, while severing the sympathetic nerve results in spasm of these organs.

Among the major disadvantages of the operation of denudation of the vascular wall according to Eeriehe'y are: 1) the thinning of the vascular wall caused by the operation with a violation of its nutrition, which can lead to sequential rupture and profuse bleeding; 2) compression of the vascular trunk by scar tissue with impaired peripheral circulation and the return of those phenomena for the elimination of which the operation is undertaken.

Kretschmer (according to the ref. In Nov. Khir. Arkh., 1925, no. 32) has developed extensive material covering 933 words. hematuria (cases of hematuria depending on acute gonorrhoid infection and all kinds of injuries are not included here). Most of the bleeding (46.9%) was found to be related to tumors of the urinary tract; stones were the cause of hematuria in 18.5%, tuberculosis in 11.7%, infection in 10% and nephritis in 3%.

Reinecke (according to the ref. In New Khir. Arch., 1925, No. 32) draws attention to a new sign of entrapment of stones in the lower part of the ureter, namely, to a sharp increase and strong sensitivity of the inguinal lymph glands on the same side.

Intraocular pressure is a reflection of the pressure in the vascular tract system, which can be judged by the pressure in the retinal network. Normal systolic pressure in a. centralis retinae is 70 mm. Hg, and diastolic - 30-35 mm., The pressure in the veins is equal to the intraocular pressure.

While in previous years these larvae were found in the human eye, as a rarity, and were almost exclusively observed in tropical countries, recently, according to Cecchini (ref. In Zentr. F. Ophth., 1925), they began to be observed often and in Europe. In all cases, fly larvae lay in large numbers in the conjunctival sac. After removing them, there was a complete cure of the conjunctivitis that existed in patients.

A.P. Vladychensky (Russian. Oft. Zh., 1925, No. 8) observed 3 such cases. In one of them, at 55 y.o., the blindness came after those done within 4 months. 10 subcutaneous injections of 4% quinine solution, in the amount of 50.0 each time.

In 1919, Schick, in Vienna, observed one woman? regarding which he could establish the following phenomenon: if she took flowers (apemons) with her bare hand during menstruation, then the latter quickly faded; if she took the flowers with her hands, which were wearing rubber gloves, the flowers remained fresh.

Almost all obstetricians agree that with the transverse position of the fetus, since the bladder is intact and the rotation with external methods has failed, it is necessary to wait for the full opening of the pharynx, immediately after that - to make an internal rotation and immediately afterwards the fetus is removed.

Rösch (Münch, med ....) recommends for this purpose to inject into the posterior fornix, through qi (....) boric acid powder in an amount of 0.5: this is introduced first daily, then every 2-3 days. If after 2-3 weeks. pain with such treatment will not go away, which means that they are not of sleeve origin.

B. Aschner (Zeit. F. Geb. u. Gyn., Bd. LXXX1X, H. 1) insists that not only women have 38 yr. and younger, but also in women aged 45-50 years, since they are still menstruating, such treatment should be used as rarely as possible, which would have resulted in a complete cessation of menstruation.

Hess (Zeit. F. Kindhlk., Bd. 39) illuminated vegetable oils with a quartz lamp from a distance of 33 centimeters. In one hour. The oils acquired a fishy smell and anti-rachitic properties. The addition of such oil in the amount of 0.1 to the diet, which can cause rickets in rats, protects them from disease. Antirachitic properties are due to the unsaponifiable fraction of the oil, consisting of phytosterol.

Zoltan-Bokauy (Jährb. F Kindhlk., Bd. 10, H 1/2) was used after drug treatment had failed. autovaccine in children aged 8 m to 21/2 years, suffering from pielocystitis (in 5 cases. pathogens were E. coli, in 2 — b. aerogenes)

Having collected quite a lot of material on this issue (163 cases), MP Alekseev and KL Holshmid (Porm. Med. Zh., 1925, No. 3-4) found that in equal stages of syphilis, almost all those forms of damage to the nervous system that occur in late syphilis, namely, hemiplegia (due to damage to cerebral vessels), meningo-myelitis, meningo-encephalitis, disseminated encephalitis, Brown-Sequard's paralysis, tabes, progressive paralysis and especially often meningitis (141 cases out of 163).

Klepper (Derm. Woch., 1925, no. 39) describes an interesting case of gonorrhoid stomatitis in a hospital nurse with a history of recurrent aphthous stomatitis. 4 days after the usual relapse, the patient began to care for the child suffering from gonoblenorrhea, and after the next 4 days, she had a sudden deterioration of the usual process in the mouth: severe pain while eating, swelling of the tongue, fever, sores near the tip of the tongue, in the corner of the mouth and along the edge of the lower gum, with severe inflammation. Gonococci were found in smears and cultures of ulcer discharge. This case is interesting, as it contradicts the old ideas about the immunity of the oral mucosa of adults in relation to gonorrhoid infection.

This book is a well-published collection of works by prof. Oppel, in which, according to his assistant, pr. Lisitsyn, broadly biological approaches to the study of surgical patients and to the study of endocrinological formulas in various diseases are expressed. Of the 25 original works included in the collection, 15 are devoted to the study of the issue of gangraena spontanea in connection with Oppel's famous theory of this disease.

The appearance of short guides on a particular discipline, compiled by outstanding specialists and teachers, is, of course, a big step forward on the path of introducing correct special information into the student body.

Society of Physicians at Kazan University.
Ophthalmological section.