Взаимосвязь эпигенетических факторов с ретротранспозонами в этиопатогенезе нейродегенеративных болезней
- Авторы: Мустафин Р.Н.1
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Учреждения:
- Башкирский государственный медицинский университет
- Раздел: Обзоры
- Статья получена: 09.11.2024
- Статья одобрена: 11.04.2025
- Статья опубликована: 18.07.2025
- URL: https://kazanmedjournal.ru/kazanmedj/article/view/641725
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.17816/KMJ641725
- EDN: https://elibrary.ru/HHCXMZ
- ID: 641725
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Аннотация
Патогенез нейродегенеративных болезней связан с протеинопатией и патологической агрегацией специфических белков: при болезни Альцгеймера β-амилоида и тау-белка, при болезни Парикинсона — α-синуклеина, при боковом амиотрофическом склерозе — TDP-43 и FUS. Этиологическими факторами могут служить вирусные инфекции, что обусловлено защитной функцией описанных белков в отношении специфических вирусов. Последние, в свою очередь, способны усиливать экспрессию ретроэлементов. Физиологическое старение также является одной из причин нейродегенеративных болезней, поскольку характеризуется активацией ретроэлементов и протеинопатией перечисленных противовирусных белков, которые в норме подавляют экспрессию ретроэлементов. Этиологическими факторами бокового амиотрофического склероза, болезни Альцгеймера и Паркинсона считаются ассоциированные с ними полиморфизмы в геноме, большинство из которых локализованы в интронных и межгенных областях, где расположены гены ретроэлементов. Таким образом, к этиологическим факторам нейродегенеративных заболеваний относятся генетическая предрасположенность способности ретроэлементов к гиперактивации, старение и вирусные инфекции, под влиянием которых в патогенезе развивается протеинопатия и агрегация β-амилоида, тау-белка, α-синуклеина, TDP-43 и FUS. В результате эти белки утрачивают способность ингибировать ретроэлементы, вызывая их гиперактивацию и воспалительный иммунный ответ на их транскрипты. В свою очередь, продукты экспрессии изменённых вследствие полиморфизма ретроэлементов усиливают продукцию противовирусных белков, их протеинопатию и агрегацию. Развивается способствующий прогрессированию патологии порочный круг, воздействие на который с помощью ингибиторов ретроэлементов и специфических микроРНК может стать основой для таргетной терапии нейродегенеративных заболеваний. Поскольку описанные процессы происходят без повреждений нуклеотидных последовательностей ДНК, это свидетельствует об эпигенетических механизмах данных заболеваний.
Ключевые слова
Об авторах
Рустам Наилевич Мустафин
Башкирский государственный медицинский университет
Автор, ответственный за переписку.
Email: ruji79@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-4091-382X
SPIN-код: 4810-2534
Scopus Author ID: 56603137500
ResearcherId: S-2194 -2018
канд. биол. наук, доцент, каф. медицинской генетики и фундаментальной медицины
Россия, г. УфаСписок литературы
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