Anatomical features of the parotid gland in men depending on cranial shape

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Abstract

BACKGROUND: In vivo analysis of the morphometric parameters of the parotid gland in the context of various cranial shapes is a promising approach, as it enables the systematization of the existing knowledge of the parotid gland anatomy.

AIM: This work aimed to identify the anatomical features of the parotid gland in men with different cranial shapes based on the head computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings.

MATERIAL AND METHODS: A retrospective study was conducted based on the analysis of head CT and MRI findings from 92 men. Based on the cranial shape, the sample was divided into the following groups: dolichocranes (n = 30), mesocranes (n = 32), and brachycranes (n = 30); chamaecranes (n = 19), orthocranes (n = 47), and hypsicranes (n = 26); and tapeinocranes (n = 33), metriocranes (n = 30), and acrocranes (n = 29). Based on the facial shape, three groups were identified: euryenes (n = 29), mesenes (n = 33), and leptenes (n = 40). A morphometric study of the parotid gland was performed, measuring dimensions in three planes and calculating the gland volume using the ultrasonographic method for measuring internal organ vo­lumes. Statistical analysis was performed using nonparametric methods, including the Kruskal–Wallis test, the Mann–Whitney test with Bonferroni correction, and Spearman’s correlation.

RESULTS: The sagittal dimension of the parotid gland in the men increased significantly from brachycranics (4.22 cm on the right, 3.99 cm on the left) to dolichocranics (4.77 cm on the right [p = 0.0001], 4.57 cm on the left [p = 0.0001]). A decrease in the frontal dimension of the gland was observed from brachycranics (3.43 cm on the right, 3.47 cm on the left) to dolichocranics (2.49 cm on the right [p = 0.0001], 2.47 cm on the left [p = 0.0001]). With regard to viscerocranium shapes, a significant diffe­rence in the vertical dimension of the gland was identified (6.12 cm on the right, 6.18 cm on the left in euryenes; 6.98 cm on the right [p < 0.0001], 6.95 cm on the left [p < 0.0001] in leptenes). The frontal dimension decreased significantly from euryenes (3.42 cm on the right, 3.53 cm on the left) to leptenes (2.51 cm on the right [p < 0.0001], 2.58 cm on the left [p < 0.0001]).

CONCLUSION: In men, the sagittal dimension of the parotid gland varies significantly depending on the shape of the neurocranium as determined by the cranial index; the frontal dimension of the gland changes depending on both the neurocranial and viscerocranium shapes.

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About the authors

Khurshed A. Abduvosidov

Russian University of Biotechnology (ROSBIOTECH); Tver State Medical University; Moscow Clinical Scientific and Practical Center named after A.S. Loginov

Email: sogdiana99@gmail.com
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-5655-338X
SPIN-code: 7534-0320

MD, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Assoc. Prof., Head of Depart., Depart. of Human Morphology, Medical Institute; Prof., Depart. of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology; Ultrasound Doctor Diagnostics, Depart. of Ultrasound Diagnostics

Russian Federation, Moscow; Tver; Moscow

Vladislav I. Chernyavsky

Polyclinic No. 5 of the Presidential Administration of the Russian Federation

Author for correspondence.
Email: black1994@list.ru
ORCID iD: 0009-0003-1944-9676
SPIN-code: 8164-9570

MD, Dentist-Surgeon

Russian Federation, Moscow

Valeria G. Shestakova

Tver State Medical University

Email: shestvg@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-1136-7396
SPIN-code: 4541-8220

MD, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Assoc. Prof., Head of Depart., Depart. of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology

Russian Federation, Tver

Akif A. Yusufov

Tver State Medical University

Email: usufov@yandex.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-9404-6768
SPIN-code: 1195-2520

MD, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Assoc. Prof., Head of Depart., Depart. of Radiation Diagnostics

Russian Federation, Tver

Alexandra D. Smirnova

City Clinical Hospital named after V.P. Demikhov

Email: alexa199503@yandex.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-5470-0999
SPIN-code: 6888-5058

MD, Radiologist

Russian Federation, Moscow

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2. Fig. 1. Computed tomography, three-dimensional reconstruction. (a) Sagittal projection. Line 1, vertical diameter; A, bregma (the intersection point of the sagittal and coronal sutures); B, basion (the point where the anterior margin of the foramen magnum intersects the midsagittal plane). Line 2, longitudinal diameter; C, glabella (the most prominent point located on the midsagittal plane between the medial ends of the supraorbital ridges); D, opisthocranion (the farthest point on the midsagittal plane from the glabella). (b) Frontal (coronal) projection. Line 1, transverse diameter; A, B, euryon (the most laterally protruding points on the lateral surfaces of the cranial portion of the skull, typically located on the lower part of the parietal bone or on the squamous part of the temporal bone). Line 2, bizygomatic diameter; C, D, zygion (the most laterally protruding point on the lateral surface of the zygomatic arch). Line 3, upper facial height; E, nasion (intersection of the nasofrontal suture with the internasal suture); F, prosthion (the most anterior point on the alveolar ridge of the maxilla between the medial incisors).

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