Особенности трудовой деятельности работников ИТ-сферы и обоснование подходов к профилактике нарушений здоровья



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Аннотация

В контексте реализации национальной программы «Цифровая экономика Российской Федерации» актуальным является изучение особенностей трудовой деятельности и её влияния на функциональное состояние работников сферы информационных технологий. Изменения, произошедшие в этой сфере, обусловливают необходимость пересмотра подходов к профилактике нарушений здоровья. С этой целью нами проведена систематизация и анализ публикаций об особенностях трудовой деятельности и условиях труда работников сферы информационных технологий в исторической перспективе для определения актуальных проблем и подходов к их профилактике на современном этапе. Выполнен поиск публикаций в PubMed по MeSH-терминам и в eLIBRARY.RU за период с 1972 по 2024 год. Используемые MeSH-термины и ключевые слова относились к работам с компьютерами, информационными системами, факторам риска и исходам, связанным с работой. Всего было систематизировано 3647 публикаций по исследуемым в них нарушениям здоровья и элементам рабочей системы. Для более детального анализа отобраны метаанализы, систематические обзоры, рандомизированные контролируемые исследования, когортные исследования, исследования типа случай — контроль, а также наиболее значимые кросс-секционные исследования — всего 86 публикаций. Работа с видеодисплейными терминалами повышает риск субъективных жалоб со стороны зрительного анализатора, синдрома сухих глаз, глаукомы и повышения внутриглазного давления; костно-мышечного дискомфорта; синдрома вегетативной дисфункции, расстройств сна и ряда психологических нарушений. Не выявлено повышенного риска репродуктивных нарушений, хотя имеются отдельные сообщения о влиянии на фертильность. Приоритетными направлениями для профилактических программ являются: контроль когнитивных нагрузок и рабочего стресса, эргономическая организация рабочих мест и световой среды, профилактика заболеваний зрительного анализатора, а также меры психологической поддержки. Программы должны учитывать изменившиеся особенности трудовых процессов.

Об авторах

Лилия Минвагизовна Фатхутдинова

Казанский государственный медицинский университет

Email: liliya.fatkhutdinova@gmail.com
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-9506-563X
SPIN-код: 9605-8332

д-р мед. наук, профессор, заведующая, каф. гигиены, медицины труда

Россия, г. Казань

Аделя Ринатовна Мухутдинова

Казанский государственный медицинский университет

Email: adelya.gigienist@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0009-0002-5705-2007
SPIN-код: 8700-9716

аспирант, ассистент, каф. гигиены, медицины труда

Россия, г. Казань

Наиль Хабибуллович Амиров

Казанский государственный медицинский университет

Автор, ответственный за переписку.
Email: amirov@kgmu.kcn.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-0009-9103

д-р мед. наук, профессор, академик РАМН

Россия, г. Казань

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СМИ зарегистрировано Федеральной службой по надзору в сфере связи, информационных технологий и массовых коммуникаций (Роскомнадзор).
Регистрационный номер и дата принятия решения о регистрации СМИ: ЭЛ № ФС 77 - 75008 от 01.02.2019.