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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Kazan medical journal</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Kazan medical journal</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Казанский медицинский журнал</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">0368-4814</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2587-9359</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">684546</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/KMJ684546</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">ZCUUHO</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Social hygiene and healthcare management</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Социальная гигиена и организация здравоохранения</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Review Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Job specifics of IT specialists and approaches to disease prevention</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Особенности трудовой деятельности работников ИТ-сферы и обоснование подходов к профилактике нарушений здоровья</trans-title></trans-title-group><trans-title-group xml:lang="zh"><trans-title>IT工作者工作的具体情况和预防健康障碍的方法的理由</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9506-563X</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">9605-8332</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Fatkhutdinova</surname><given-names>Liliya M.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Фатхутдинова</surname><given-names>Лилия Минвагизовна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor, Head, Depart. of Hygiene and Occupational Medicine</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, профессор, заведующая, каф. гигиены, медицины труда</p></bio><email>liliya.fatkhutdinova@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0002-5705-2007</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">8700-9716</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Mukhutdinova</surname><given-names>Adelya R.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мухутдинова</surname><given-names>Аделя Ринатовна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>postgraduate student, Assistant Lecturer, Depart. of Hygiene and Occupational Medicine</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>аспирант, ассистент, каф. гигиены, медицины труда</p></bio><email>adelya.gigienist@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0009-9103</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Amirov</surname><given-names>Nail K.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Амиров</surname><given-names>Наиль Хабибуллович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), professor, academician of the National Academy of Medical Sciences</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, профессор, академик РАМН</p></bio><email>amirov@kgmu.kcn.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Kazan State Medical University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Казанский государственный медицинский университет</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2025-10-06" publication-format="electronic"><day>06</day><month>10</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-12-05" publication-format="electronic"><day>05</day><month>12</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>106</volume><issue>6</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>1010</fpage><lpage>1022</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-06-16"><day>16</day><month>06</month><year>2025</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2025-08-25"><day>25</day><month>08</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2025, Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2025, Эко-Вектор</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="zh">Copyright ©; 2025,</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Эко-Вектор</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" start_date="2028-12-05"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://kazanmedjournal.ru/kazanmedj/article/view/684546">https://kazanmedjournal.ru/kazanmedj/article/view/684546</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Within the national program “Digital Economy of the Russian Federation,” it is relevant to examine job specifics of IT specialists and their impact on performance status. Changes in this area necessitate reviewing approaches to disease prevention. For this purpose, we performed a retrospective analysis of publications on job specifics and working conditions of IT specialists to identify relevant issues and approaches to their prevention in the current context. The search was performed in <italic>PubMed</italic> (using <italic>MeSH</italic> terms) and <italic>eLIBRARY.RU</italic>. The search depth was 1972–2024. The MeSH terms and keywords were related to work with computers and information systems, as well as occupational risk factors and outcomes. In total, 3647 publications on relevant disorders and work system components were reviewed. A more detailed analysis included meta-analyses, systematic reviews, randomized controlled studies, cohort studies, case–control studies, and the most significant cross-sectional studies (a total of 86 publications). Working with visual display terminals increases the risk of subjective complaints of visual processing disorders, dry eye, and ocular hypertension, as well as musculoskeletal discomfort, dysautonomia, sleep disorders, and psychological disorders. There was no increased risk of reproductive disorders; however, there is evidence of the impact on fertility. Priority areas for prevention programs should include control of cognitive workload and occupational stress, improved workplace ergonomics and lighting conditions, prevention of visual processing disorders, and psychological support. The programs must take into consideration the changes in workflow.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>В контексте реализации национальной программы «Цифровая экономика Российской Федерации» актуальным является изучение особенностей трудовой деятельности и её влияния на функциональное состояние работников сферы информационных технологий. Изменения, произошедшие в этой сфере, обусловливают необходимость пересмотра подходов к профилактике нарушений здоровья. С этой целью нами проведена систематизация и анализ публикаций об особенностях трудовой деятельности и условиях труда работников сферы информационных технологий в исторической перспективе для определения актуальных проблем и подходов к их профилактике на современном этапе. Выполнен поиск публикаций в PubMed по MeSH-терминам и в eLIBRARY.RU за период с 1972 по 2024 год. Используемые MeSH-термины и ключевые слова относились к работам с компьютерами, информационными системами, факторам риска и исходам, связанным с работой. Всего было систематизировано 3647 публикаций по исследуемым в них нарушениям здоровья и элементам рабочей системы. Для более детального анализа отобраны метаанализы, систематические обзоры, рандомизированные контролируемые исследования, когортные исследования, исследования типа случай — контроль, а также наиболее значимые кросс-секционные исследования — всего 86 публикаций. Работа с видеодисплейными терминалами повышает риск субъективных жалоб со стороны зрительного анализатора, синдрома сухих глаз, глаукомы и повышения внутриглазного давления; костно-мышечного дискомфорта; синдрома вегетативной дисфункции, расстройств сна и ряда психологических нарушений. Не выявлено повышенного риска репродуктивных нарушений, хотя имеются отдельные сообщения о влиянии на фертильность. Приоритетными направлениями для профилактических программ являются: контроль когнитивных нагрузок и рабочего стресса, эргономическая организация рабочих мест и световой среды, профилактика заболеваний зрительного анализатора, а также меры психологической поддержки. Программы должны учитывать изменившиеся особенности трудовых процессов.</p></trans-abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="zh"><p>在俄罗斯联邦“数字经济”国家计划实施的背景下，研究信息技术工作者的工作活动特征及其对健康状况的影响具有重要意义。该领域的变化需要对健康问题预防方法进行修订。为此，我们从历史角度系统整理并分析了有关信息技术工作者工作活动特征和工作条件的文献，以识别当前存在的问题及其预防方法。我们使用医学主题词（MeSH）在PubMed数据库和eLIBRARY.RU数据库中检索了1972年至2024年期间的文献。使用的MeSH术语和关键词涉及计算机工作、信息系统、风险因素和工作相关结果。根据文献中探讨的健康问题和工作系统要素，共检索到3647篇文献。我们最终选择了86篇文献进行更深入的分析，其中包括荟萃分析、系统评价、随机对照试验、队列研究、病例对照研究以及最重要的横断面研究。使用视频显示终端会增加主观视觉不适、干眼症、青光眼和眼压升高、肌肉骨骼不适、自主神经功能障碍综合征、睡眠障碍以及多种心理疾病的风险。虽然有个别报告指出其对生育能力有影响，但尚未发现生殖系统疾病风险增加。预防项目的优先领域包括：监测认知负荷和工作压力、优化工作场所和照明环境的人体工程学设计、预防视觉障碍以及提供心理支持措施。相关项目应考虑到工作流程的变化。</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>IT specialists</kwd><kwd>information and communication technologies</kwd><kwd>work system components</kwd><kwd>health problems</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>ИТ-работники</kwd><kwd>информационно-коммуникационные технологии</kwd><kwd>элементы рабочей системы</kwd><kwd>нарушения здоровья</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="zh"><kwd>IT从业人员</kwd><kwd>信息和通信技术</kwd><kwd>工作系统要素</kwd><kwd>健康问题</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><award-group><funding-source><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="en">Government of the Russian Federation</institution></institution-wrap><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="ru">Правительство РФ</institution></institution-wrap></funding-source></award-group></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Abashkin VL, Abdrakhmanova GI, Vishnevskiy KO, et al. 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