Postcovid necrosis of the cranio-maxillofacial region

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Abstract

The review article is devoted to one of the new topical problems in medicine — necrosis of the organs of the cranio-maxillofacial region in patients with coronavirus infection, which was first discussed at the end of 2020. Later, doctors of various specialties (otolaryngologists, ophthalmologists, maxillofacial surgeons, neurosurgeons, dentists) from many countries of the world met in their practice with inflammatory-necrotic lesions of the mucous membrane of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses, facial skeleton and skull, eyeball, brain. The article highlights the main points of view of scientists about the etiology and pathogenesis of the studied pathology. Summarized data from the largest studies on the epidemiology, risk factors, and symptoms of post-covid necrosis of the cranio-maxillofacial region are presented. The results of various methods for diagnosing this complication — multislice computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, angiography, are described in detail. Due to the fact that today the role of fungal flora is recognized as the leading one in the etiology of post-covid necrosis of the cranio-maxillofacial region, much attention is paid to cytological, microbiological and pathohistological research methods, which should be aimed at the search for mycelium. The main approaches to the treatment of patients with this pathology are formulated. The article highlights issues important for practical healthcare: interpretation of national clinical guidelines for coronavirus infection in terms of post-covid necrosis of the cranio-maxillofacial region, classification options according to the International Classification of Diseases of the 10th revision, the procedure for providing medical care to this category of patients, the economic consequences of the lack of active prevention methods of the presented complication in patients with COVID-19.

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About the authors

Sergey O. Ivanyuta

Stavropol State Medical University

Email: serjei267@gmail.com
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-1383-8633

PhD Stud., Depart. of Surgical Dentistry and Maxillofacial Surgery

Russian Federation, Stavropol, Russia

Dmitriy Y. Khristoforando

Stavropol State Medical University; City Clinical Emergency Hospital

Email: dima-plastic@rambler.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-2624-7453

M.D., D. Sci. (Med.), Prof., Depart. of Surgical Dentistry and Maxillofacial Surgery; Head of Depart., Depart. of Maxillofacial Surgery

Russian Federation, Stavropol, Russia; Stavropol, Russia

Elena M. Spevak

City Clinical Emergency Hospital

Author for correspondence.
Email: cymbal.elena@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-0084-8525

M.D., Cand. Sci. (Med.), Depart. of the Maxillofacial Surgery

Russian Federation, Stavropol, Russia

Andrey N. Tsymbal

Stavropol Regional Clinical Consultative and Diagnostic Center

Email: thimbal@rambler.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-3540-836X

M.D., Cand. Sci. (Med.)

Russian Federation, Stavropol, Russia

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