Том 35, № 5 (2024)

The idea of a psychological resource is used mainly in relation to the behavior of an individual in difficult or problematic situations for him, when there are not enough actual abilities and subjective means for coping behavior (coping strategies) or solving the problems that arise. From the variety of definitions of psychological resources, it follows that the problem of conceptualizing psychological resources on the basis of uniform methodological premises, invariant to different types of difficult, critical situations, remains relevant. As such, to conceptualize the psychological resource in an individual’s interactions with the internal and external environment, the concepts of the “person — environment (external, internal)” system and the ecopsychological typology of agent-environment interactions, developed within the framework of the ecopsychological approach to mental development, were used. This made it possible to conceptualize ideas about a person’s psychological resource in a system of constructs located, relatively speaking: a) vertically “opportunity (personal potential) – reality (actual subjective qualities)”, and b) horizontally: “internal environment (the totality of internal, intra-subjective capabilities) — external environment (the set of external, extra-subjective conditions)”. As a result of this conceptualization, human psychological resources appear before us in the form of an eco-psychological resource of the “person-environment” system itself, which consists of an internal (intrapersonal) resource, external (external environmental) resource and communicative resource in the form of subject-environmental interactions. The implementation of an ecopsychological resource occurs as a transformation (manifestation and development) of the subjective qualities of an individual and his subjectivity in the “person — environment (internal, external)” system. Depending on the type of difficult situation (working, problematic, potentially problematic), the implementation of an eco-psychological resource can occur in a reproductive, developmental and preventive form. The presented ecopsychological conceptualization is invariant in relation to the specific content of difficult situations.

The serious leisure is considered as a living environment that is important for the development of agency at different ages. In the period of growing up, young people face many challenges that require them to actively make choices in the fields of education, profession, and relationships, and their previous experience of proactive interaction with the environment plays an important role, which can be relied upon when making responsible decisions. An important environment for the trial and implementation of agency can be the sphere of serious leisure as an activity that requires effort and long-term involvement and at the same time is characterized by great freedom of action. Awareness and integration of the experience of agency in the autobiographical narrative can serve as a basis for the complication and differentiation of the motivational system of the individual and further development of self-determination. Despite the wide representation of leisure studies, the choices made by young adults in leisure activities and attitudes towards them have yet to be explored. To study the manifestations of agency in serious leisure, 24 interviews with informants from the period of growing up were collected. The conducted deductive thematic analysis showed that the manifestations of agency can be found at the stages of initiation, implementation and termination of serious leisure, where they can be presented in the form of initiative, interaction, comprehension of events and decision-making, changes and organization of activities. The analysis of autobiographical narratives shows that the environment of serious leisure is saturated and promising for manifestations of agency at different ages.

The psychological boundary, considered as a convenient descriptive metaphor, allows us to designate the process of separating the personal space of one person from another. By the older preschool age, this phenomenon acquires special significance: the child is preparing to enter a new social development situation, which implies the need to restructure the existing relationships with the environment. The study of the phenomenon of psychological boundaries in older preschool children. A qualitative approach provides the opportunity to obtain finely nuanced information, to delve deeply into each individual case. The stimulus material is addressed to the understandable, meaningful, valuable for the child construct “home”. This stimulus acts as a metonymy, which needs to be filled with its own psychological content. In the process of drawing, a semi-structured conversation is held with the child, during which the features of the drawing are clarified. The plausibility, portability and confirmability of the results obtained are ensured by clear instructions, the presence of a response registration form and observation data, and interviewing parents. Qualitative interpretation of the results allows you to “hear a child’s voice”, proceed to the analysis of an individual case, create “order out of chaos” by combining the child’s interactions with the environment into a single phenomenon — psychological boundaries. The study showed that the psychological boundaries of older preschoolers are a complex construct, including an assessment of the friendliness of the environment, the role of adults and peers, and the presence of various states of psychological boundaries (at rest, in interaction, and in a threatening situation).

The article provides an overview of studies devoted to the search for options for the optimal place of residence and its equipment for elderly and senile people. Currently, most of the older generation prefer to stay in their own house or apartment. It is shown that a home should provide not only security and stability, but also the potential for the development and realization of one’s own individuality. The emphasis on safety and the prevention of household injuries does not fully reflect the real needs of older people. Some of the most significant characteristics of a home include the condition of the home, energy efficiency, temperature control, safety, proximity to nature, good lighting and privacy. Somewhat less frequently mentioned is the need to adapt premises to age-related changes - the safety of the bathroom, the expansion of corridors and doorways, the installation of handrails, the use of non-slip flat surfaces, sound insulation and natural ventilation of the room. Russian respondents point to the importance of the convenience and beauty of a home, its safety, historicity, reflection of individuality and connection with nature. At the same time, they draw attention to the fact that often younger family members take on not only financing, but also the choice of elements of the environment of an elderly relative, taking into account the potential deterioration of his physical and psychological functioning in the future, and do not take into account his desire for autonomy and the realization of his own desires. The negative consequences of such a scenario include a decrease in the vital activity of an elderly person, loss of independence, refusal to take responsibility for one’s life, and an increased tendency towards helplessness. The need for a transition from the paradigm of compensation and protection to the paradigm of salutogenesis and development of a person of late age is pointed out.

The article is devoted to the environmental method in the artistic practices of the Dutch studio Rietveld Architecture-Art-Affordances. The studio, founded by architects brothers Ronald and Erik Rietveld in 2006, is participating in the transformation of the modern aesthetic field, drifting along with cognitive science at the turn of the century from an understanding of cognition in terms of information processing to its interpretation as a process of co-evolution of the organism and the environment. Analyzing the projects “The End of Sitting” (2014) and “Breaking Habits” (2017), the author demonstrates the heuristic potential of ecological thinking in the enactivism of F. Varela, E. Thompson and E. Roch and the ecological psychology of J. Gibson for contemporary art and design. Particular attention is paid to the intensification of the interaction of body and environment in the landscapes of affordances created by RAAAF to undermine rigid ways of being, and re-figurate behavioral patterns. In the artistic practices of the studio, the author discovers ecological styles of designing new environments of existence and experiments with contact surfaces of experience.

In the article, the relationship “personality — environment” is considered from the standpoint of a subjective approach. Through habitation, appropriation, and personalization of the environment, a person realizes the desire to “extend himself in the world of things and territories”, thereby achieving consistency of internal and external, gaining a sense of authenticity of being and personal identity. By turning the environment into the spaces of his being, a person changes it for another person, and becomes an environmental circumstance for him. Home is one of the most personalized, private territories of a person, which she shares with loved ones, taking their subjective position. Another person becomes a factor in the organization of the object-spatial environment of the individual’s home. This reasoning creates opportunities for understanding and interpreting both the processes of communication, with its accompanying collisions of togetherness-disconnection, and for understanding the deep personal processes of gaining authenticity, personal identity, etc. The empirical study examined the features and differences of young spouses (40 couples) in the manifested psychological characteristics (the need for privacy, support for partner privacy, identification with a partner, satisfaction with marriage) due to cohabitation, the fact that the marital partner becomes a factor in the organization of a private object-spatial environment of the home. It was found out that young women have a wider repertoire of environmental behavior aimed at realizing the need for privacy and receive greater support for this need from their husbands, they also know how to build what is necessary in the organization of the subject-spatial environment. Young men are more likely to identify with their spouses, experience not only psychological fusion with them, but also less distanced from them spatially (this implies a decrease in the need for privacy, and less need for the privacy of things).

The methodological basis of the study is the psychosemantic and thesaurus approaches. Verbalized representations make it possible to objectify the needs, values, and attitudes of the subject in relation to significant phenomena of reality. The results of an empirical study of people’s ideas about the ideal home at different periods of adulthood are discussed. Data were collected using the free association method. To the phrase “ideal home”, respondents gave associations in the format of three verbs, three adjectives, and three nouns. The study involved 286 people, of which 228 people were aged 18–40 years, 47 people were aged 55 years and older. The identification of general semantic categories was carried out by frequency analysis; the comparison of semantic categories between groups of different ages was carried out using the z-criterion. It was shown that comfort, love, happiness, life are common semantic markers of an ideal home for people in different periods of adulthood. Ideas about an ideal home in the age periods studied, along with general features, have pronounced specificity. Depending on age, ideas about an ideal home are specific: for people aged 18–40 years, the most important are the semantic categories of comfort, family and warmth; for people over 55 years old these are the categories of happiness and health. Additional empirical confirmation was received by the proposition that the meaning of a house changes along with a change in a person’s age (S.K. Nartova-Bochaver). Limitations of the study: in the studied sample, people of the first and second periods of adulthood and females predominated. Prospects for the study include expanding age cohorts and balancing the sample by gender.