Individual-typological assessment of the body fat component of the examined children and youth

Cover Page


Cite item

Full Text

Open Access Open Access
Restricted Access Access granted
Restricted Access Subscription or Fee Access

Abstract

Background. Individual anatomical variability in the human body shape can be characterized by its proportions, which serve as the main components of assessing the type of human constitution.

Aim. Establish individual typological features of the age-related changes in the fat component of the examined children, adolescents and youth.

Material and methods. 409 residents of the Smolensk region aged 4–20 years were examined: 212 males and 197 females. The cohort was divided according to the International Age Periodization 1965. Studies of the longitudinal-transverse type lasted for 10 years (2010–2020). The research methods included anthropometry, somatodiagnostics, determination of the biological development variant. To determine the fat component, the thickness of the skin-fat folds was measured, the calculation was made according to the formulas of Ya. Mateyko. The analyzed data had a normal distribution (Shapiro–Wilk test). The hypothesis of statistical significance of differences was tested using Student's t-test.

Results. Assessment of age-related changes in the body fat component of the subjects showed its continuous increase from 4 to 20 years. In female subjects it was higher, the significance of differences was established from the age of 12 (p ≤0.05). The fat component had a high and moderate degree of correlation with body height and weight (r=0.533–0.753 and r=0.530–0.833), skin-fat folds (r=0.501–0.941) and body circumference (r=0.503–0.790). Significant differences were established between the extreme variants of biological development (isochronic approach) (t=2.305–2.604; р ≤0.05). In the examined males, the difference was 10–12%, females — 25–30%. Somatotypological assessment (isosome approach) showed significant differences (t=3.462–6.781; p ≤0.001) in the severity of fat mass in the subjects of both sexes of macrosomal and microsomal types.

Conclusion. The conducted studies have confirmed the presence of high individualization of the fat component’s growth processes of male and female subjects of various somatic types and biological development variants.

Full Text

Restricted Access

About the authors

Elena V. Safonenkova

Smolensk State University of Sports

Author for correspondence.
Email: ev.safonenkova@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-6659-4006
SPIN-code: 9525-3048

Cand. Sci. (Biol.), Assoc. Prof., Depart. of Biological Disciplines

Russian Federation, Smolensk, Russia

Valentina N. Chernova

Smolensk State University of Sports

Email: chernova.vn@yandex.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-4539-4002

Cand. Sci. (Pedagog.), Assoc. Prof., Head of Depart., Depart. of Anatomy and Biomechanics

Russian Federation, Smolensk, Russia

Olga M. Bubnenkova

Smolensk State University of Sports

Email: olabuma@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-1829-7685

Cand. Sci. (Pedagog.), Assoc. Prof., Depart. of Anatomy and Biomechanics

Russian Federation, Smolensk, Russia

References

  1. Obesity: Preventing and managing the global epidemic. Report of a WHO Consultation. Geneva, World Health Organization; 2000. http://whqlibdoc.who.int/trs/WHO_TRS_894.pdf. (access date: 19.03.2022).
  2. Lobstein T, Baur L, Uauy R. For the IASO International Obesity Task Force. Obesity in children and young people: A crisis in public health. Obes Rev. 2004;5(1):4–104. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-789X.2004.00133.x.
  3. Silva S, Baxter-Jones A, Maia J. Fat mass centile charts for Brazilian children and adolescents and the identification of the roles of socioeconomic status and physical fitness on fat mass development. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2016;13(2):151. doi: 10.3390/ijerph13020151.
  4. Cicek B, Ozturk A, Unalan D, Bayat M, Mazicioglu M, Kurtoglu S. Four-site skinfolds and body fat percentage references in 6-to-17-year old Turkish children and adolescents. J Pak Med Assoc. 2014;64:1154–1161. PMID: 25823156.
  5. Zaytsev AA. Change of expressiveness of fatty weight at sportswomen 9–20 years of various somatic types. Vestnik Voronezhskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Seriya: khimiya. biologiya. farmatsiya. 2005;(2):126–130. (In Russ.)
  6. Williams J, Wake M, Hesketh K, Maher E, Waters E. Health-related quality of life of overweight and obese children. JAMA. 2005;293:70–76. doi: 10.1001/jama.293.1.70.
  7. Reilly JJ. Descriptive epidemiology and health consequences of childhood obesity. Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2005;19:327–341. doi: 10.1016/j.beem.2005.04.002.
  8. Esenberg ME, Neumark-Sztainer D, Story M. Associations of weight-based teasing and emotional well-being among adolescents. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2003;157:733–778. doi: 10.1001/archpedi.157.8.733.
  9. Forsum E, Henriksson P, Löf M. The twocomponent model for calculating total body fat from body density: An evaluation in healthy women before, during and after pregnancy. Nutrients. 2014;6(12):5888–5899. doi: 10.3390/nu6125888.
  10. Duda K, Majerczak J, Nieckarz Z, Heymsfield S, Zoladz J. Human body composition and muscle mass. In: Zoladz JA, editor. Muscle and Exercise Physiology. Academic Press; 2019. p. 3–26. doi: 10.1016/B978-0-12-814593-7.00001-3.
  11. Demerath EW, Rogers NI, Reed D. Significant associations of age, menopausal status and lifestyle factors with visceral adiposity in African-American and European-American women. Ann Hum Biol. 2011;38(3):247–256. doi: 10.3109/03014460.2010.524893.
  12. Nikityuk BA. Integratsiya znaniy v naukakh o cheloveke. (Integration of knowledge in human sciences.) M.: SportAcademPress; 2000. 440 p. (In Russ.)
  13. Vasilev VS, Manturova NE, Vasilev SA, Teryushkova ZhI. Biological features of adipose tissue. Plasticheskaya khirurgiya i esteticheskaya meditsina. 2019;(2):33–42. (In Russ.) doi: 10.17116/plast.hirurgia201902133.
  14. Petukhov AB, Nikityuk DB, Sergeev VN. Meditsinskaya antropologiya: analiz i perspektivy razvitiya v klinicheskoy praktike. (Medical anthropology: analysis and development prospects in clinical practice.) M.: Medpraktika; 2015. 525 p. (In Russ.)
  15. Guba VP, Shestakov MP, Bubnov NB. Izmereniya i vychisleniya v sportivno-pedagogicheskoy praktike. (Measurements and calculations in sports and pedagogical practice.) 2nd ed. M: Fizkul’tura i Sport; 2006. 220 p. (In Russ.)
  16. Dorokhov RN. Osnovy somatodiagnostiki detey i podrostkov. (Fundamentals of somatodiagnostics of children and adolescents.) Smolensk: SSAPCS; 2017. 103 p. (In Russ.)
  17. Nikityuk DB, Nikolenko VN, Khayrullin RM, Minnibayev TSh, Chava SV, Alexeeva NT. Anthropometric method and clinical medicine. Journal of anatomy and histopatho-logy. 2013;(2):10–14. (In Russ.)
  18. Koroleva LV. Pedagogical aspect of somatotyping in schoolchildren. Mezhdunarodnyy nauchnyy teoretiko-prakticheskiy al’manakh. 2015;1(3):137–140. (In Russ.)
  19. Dorokhov RN, Safonenkova EV, Bubnenkova OM. Rost i razvitie detey i podrostkov. (Growth and development of children and adolescents.) Smolensk: SSAPCS; 2014. 216 p. (In Russ.)
  20. Dorokhov RN, Bubnenkova OM, Dardanova NA. Ontogeneticheskaya izmenchivost’ detey i podrostkov. (Ontogenetic variability of children and adolescents.) Smolensk: SSAPCS; 2011. 147 p. (In Russ.)
  21. Dorokhov RN, Safonenkova EV. Vozrastnaya sportivnaya morfologiya. Obshchie voprosy. Verkhnyaya konechnost’. (Age sports morphology. General issues. Upper limb.) Smolensk: SSAPCS; 2012. 150 p. (In Russ.)
  22. Stroeva IV. Statisticheskie metody obrabotki rezul’tatov pedagogicheskikh issledovaniy. (Statistical methods for processing the results of pedagogical research.) Smolensk; 2021. 162 p. (In Russ.)
  23. Kazakova TV, Fefelova VV, Ermoshkina AYu, Koloskova TP, Fefelova YuA, Moiseenko SA. Change the distribution constitutional types and somatotypes beside womans for last decennary. Sibirskiy meditsinskiy zhurnal (Irkutsk). 2012;(2):92–95. (In Russ.)
  24. Malina R, Heymsfield S, Lohman T, Wang Z, Going S. Variation in body composition associated with sex and ethnicity. In: Human body composition. Champaign, IL, USA: Human kinetics; 2005. р. 271–298.
  25. Laurson K, Eisenmann J, Welk G. Body fat percentile curves for U.S. Children and adolescents. Am J Prev Med. 2011;41:87–92. doi: 10.1016/j.amepre.2011.06.044.
  26. Plachta-Danielzik S, Gehrke MI, Kehden B, Kromeyer-Hauschild K, Grillenberger M, Willhöft C, Bosy-Westphal A, Müller MJ. Body fat percentiles for German children and adolescents. Obes Facts. 2012;5:77–90. doi: 10.1159/000336780.
  27. McCarthy H, Cole T, Fry T, Jebb S, Prentice A. Body fat reference curves for children. Int J Obes. 2006;30:598–602. doi: 10.1038/sj.ijo.0803232.
  28. Johnson W, Chumlea WC, Czerwinski SA, Demerath EW. Secular trends in the fat and fatfree components of body mass index in children aged 8–18 years born 1958–1995. Ann Hum Biol. 2013;40(1):107–110. doi: 10.3109/03014460.2012.720710.
  29. Ashina MV, Artamonova EA, Maiorov SA, Nagaev RYu. Somatotypological description the components adipose body mass children 10–15 years. MediAl. 2011;(2):10. (In Russ.)

Supplementary files

Supplementary Files
Action
1. JATS XML
Download
2. Fig. 1. Age changes in fat mass gain of subjects aged 4–20 years

Download (23KB)
Indexing metadata

© 2023 Eco-Vector




This website uses cookies

You consent to our cookies if you continue to use our website.

About Cookies