New data about Late Glacial diatoms in Southeastern Baltic

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Abstract

The sediments of shallow basins formed along the coast of the Baltic Ice Lake about 14 500-14 000 cal BP provide a valuable data to reconstruct environmental changes in the Bølling-Allerød Interstadial. Radiocarbon dating and complex lithological and diatom analyzes were performed for the deposits of one of these paleoreservoirs exposed in the Kulikovo section (northern part of the Sambian Peninsula). As a result of studying the deposits aged 14 000 – 13 400 cal BP the total of number of 117 diatom species were identified, oligohalobic indifferent eutrophic benthic species predominated. The most typical species are Pseudostaurosira brevistriata, Staurosirella ovata, Gyrosigma attenuatum, G. acuminatum, Amphora affinis, Epithemia adnata. The obtained data on diatom communities were compared with existing ideas about the Late Glacial diatom flora for this region. This comparison made it possible not only to reconstruct the changes in the ecological conditions of the studied paleoreservoir, but also to identify general and local patterns of diatom communities formed at that time. Thus, in most paleoreservoirs pioneer cosmopolitic epiphytic diatoms of the Fragilariaceae dominate in the Allerød sediments. This indicates fairly calm hydrodynamic conditions. At the same time, in deep paleoreservoirs, despite the Allerød warming, oligotrophic planktonic species dominate in diatom communities and in some sedimentary archives, benthic diatoms capable of living in running water (Gyrosigma spp.) become significant or predominating species.

About the authors

А. I. Rudinskaya

Institute of Geography of the RAS

Author for correspondence.
Email: rudinskaya94@gmail.com
Russian Federation, Moscow

О. А. Druzhinina

Herzen State Pedagogical University of Russia; Shirshov Institute of Oceanology of the RAS

Email: rudinskaya94@gmail.com
Russian Federation, Saint Petersburg; Moscow

К. G. Filippova

Institute of Geography of the RAS

Email: rudinskaya94@gmail.com
Russian Federation, Moscow

L. I. Lazukova

Institute of Geography of the RAS

Email: rudinskaya94@gmail.com
Russian Federation, Moscow

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Supplementary files

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2. Fig. 1. Location of the sedimentary archives mentioned in the text with the studied diatom associations. 1 – southern border of the Scandinavian glacier around 14 500 calBP (Uscinowicz, 2011); 2 – Baltic Ice Lake about 14 500 calBP (Uscinowicz, 2011); 3 – Kulikovo section; 4 – sections and wells mentioned in the text. The numbers on the scheme indicate: 1 – Rega section in the Rega River valley (Witkowski et al., 2009), 2 – paleolake Tschekhovskoe (Słowinski et al., 2017), 3 – Aleika section (Zaretskaya et al., 2023), 4 – Lake Kamyshovoye (Druzhinina et al., 2015, 2020), 5 – swampy bridge between lakes Koyle and Perti (Gałka et al., 2015), 6 – Lake Kašučiai (Stančikaite et al., 2008), 7 – Lake Rekiva (Gaigalas et al., 2008), 8 – Lake Ginkūnai (Stančikaite et al., 2015), 9 – Lake Petrašiūnai (Stančikaite, 2009), 10 – Lake Varėnis (Šeireinė et al., 2009), 11 – Pamerkiai section (Stančikaite et al., 2008)

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3. Fig. 2. Structure, age and lithological characteristics of the Kulikovo section deposits: (a) – lithological structure and age-depth model of the deposits of the section, (б) – results of a comprehensive lithological analysis of the depth interval 192–141 cm

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4. Fig. 3. Diatom percentage diagram of selected taxa (their proportion in at least one sample is equal to or exceeds 4% of all identified valves) for the the studied interval of the Kulikovo outcrop sediment sequence. Colored stripes highlight depths with a very small number of sashs, insufficient for correct analysis

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5. Fig. 4. Distribution of ecological groups of diatoms in the studied interval of the Kulikovo outcrop sediment sequence. Colored stripes highlight depths with a very small number of sashs, insufficient for correct analysis

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6. Fig. 5. Some diatoms of the studied interval of the Kulikovo section. The numbers indicate: bentic (1 – Gyrosigma attenuatum, 2 – Navicula oblonga, 3 – Surirella librile, 4 – Pinnularia viridis, 5 – Navicula radiosa, 6 – Amphora ovalis, 7 – Amphora affinis, 8 – Aneumastus tusculus, 9 – Nitzschia semirobusta) and epiphytic diatoms (10 – Cymbopleura inaequalis, 11 – Pseudostaurosira brevistrata, 12 – Staurosirella ovata, 13 – Epithemia adnata, 14 – Cymbella lanceolata, 15 – Epithemia argus var. alpestris, 16 – Rhopalodia gibba)

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