Fish Allergy and Related Conditions in Children: A Review


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Abstract

Fish allergy is the important food allergies in childhood, often persisting into adulthood. It can cause severe hypersensitivity reactions, including fatal anaphylaxis; furthermore, avoiding-fish diet has negative nutritional and psychological effects. Recent research studies focus on epitope structures and aim to develop sensitive and specific diagnostic tools, which have a better correlation with clinical reactions. Protocols with hypoallergenic parvalbumin or other recombinant antigens are also under study and will likely lead to new immunotherapy protocols.

:IgE-mediated fish allergy differs substantially from other forms of immunological adverse reactions to fish, such as Food Protein-Induced Enterocolitis Syndrome and eosinophilic esophagitis. In addition, fish ingestion can cause non-immunological adverse reactions, such as in the case of scombroid poisoning, anisakiasis and toxic poisoning.

:This review aims to summarize the characteristics of the main immunological and non-immunological fish reactions, analyzing the epidemiology, clinical manifestations, diagnosis and therapy, with a particular focus on clinical management.

About the authors

Arianna Giannetti

Paediatrics Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna

Email: info@benthamscience.net

Irene Bettini

Specialty School of Pediatrics, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna

Email: info@benthamscience.net

Eleonora Alfieri

Clinica Pediatrica, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria, Department of Medicine and Surgery,, University of Parma

Email: info@benthamscience.net

Amina De Bona

Clinica Pediatrica, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria, Department of Medicine and Surgery,, University of Parma

Email: info@benthamscience.net

Giuliana Giannì

Clinica Pediatrica, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma

Email: info@benthamscience.net

Giampaolo Ricci

Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), University of Bologna

Author for correspondence.
Email: info@benthamscience.net

Carlo Caffarelli

Clinica Pediatrica, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma

Email: info@benthamscience.net

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