Temperature and Energy Regularities of Ion-Beam Modification of Highly Oriented Pyrolytic Graphite

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Abstract

The surface layer of highly oriented pyrolytic graphite after irradiation with argon ions with energies from 10 to 30 keV and fluences up to 1019 ions/cm2 in the target temperature range from room temperature to 600°C has been experimentally studied. The regularities of the irradiated layer surface change are compared with the known regularities of changes in the morphology and dimensions of pyrolytic graphites under irradiation with fast reactor neutrons. It is found that above the critical fluence of ion irradiation of highly oriented pyrolytic graphite, a sharp increase in the roughness amplitude R of the surface with columnar-acicular morphology occurs, which is several orders of magnitude greater than the projective range Rp of ions. It is shown that the temperature range corresponding to the maximum values of the amplitude of the surface roughness is close to the temperature range of intense radiation-induced deformation of graphite under neutron irradiation, leading to its secondary swelling. An assessment of the critical fluence of the formation of columnar-acicular morphology at argon ion irradiation energy of 10 to 30 keV is carried out. The measured levels of critical ion fluence, expressed as the number of radiation displacements, after their correction, taking into account the differences in the efficiency of radiation damage by neutrons and ions, can be used to assess the resistance of nuclear carbon materials using simulated ion irradiation.

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About the authors

N. N. Andrianova

Lomonosov Moscow State University; Moscow Aviation Institute

Author for correspondence.
Email: ov.mikhail@gmail.com
Russian Federation, Moscow; Moscow

A. M. Borisov

Lomonosov Moscow State University; Moscow Aviation Institute; STANKIN Moscow State University of Technology

Email: ov.mikhail@gmail.com
Russian Federation, Moscow; Moscow; Moscow

E. A. Vorobyeva

Lomonosov Moscow State University

Email: ov.mikhail@gmail.com
Russian Federation, Moscow

M. A. Ovchinnikov

Lomonosov Moscow State University

Email: ov.mikhail@gmail.com
Russian Federation, Moscow

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2. Fig. 1. SEM images of UPV-1T surface after irradiation with argon ions with energy 30 keV and fluence 1 × 1018 ions/cm2 at temperature 50 (a); 250 (b); 550°C (c).

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3. Fig. 2. Raman spectra before (1) and after irradiation with 30 keV argon ions with a fluence of 1 × 1018 ions/cm-2 at 50 (2); 250 (3); 550°C (4). Solid thin lines show the decomposition of the spectra by Gauss and Lorentz functions.

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4. Fig. 3. Dependence of the sample surface roughness amplitude R, the depth of implanted argon hAr according to [11] and the projective run Rp on the temperature of UPV-1T irradiation with Ar+ ions with energy 30 keV (a); dependences of the relative change in the graphite crystallite volume along the crystallographic directions a and c: ε = (Δxa / xa) / (Δxc / xc) on the temperature of neutron irradiation (dashed line) according to [20] and the rate of relative growth of pyrographite thickness v at low < 1021 neutron/cm2 (solid line) and high > 1021 neutron/cm2 neutron fluence (dashed line) according to [4] (b).

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5. Fig. 4. Dependence of the sample surface roughness amplitude R, the depth of implanted argon hAr, according to [11], and the projective run Rp on the energy of Ar+ ions. The irradiation temperature was 250°C.

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