Application of graphenes in supercapacitors (review)

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Abstract

This review examines the literature, mainly of recent years, on the current topic of using graphenes in supercapacitors. The influence of the porous structure of graphenes, the influence of doping and irradiation of graphenes are considered. Methods for producing graphenes, composites of graphenes with metal oxides, sulfides and selenides, with metal particles, with electron-conducting polymers, with MXenes, as well as quantum dots are considered. Electrochemical characteristics are given for the types of graphene considered.

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About the authors

Yu. M. Volfkovich

A. N. Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences

Author for correspondence.
Email: yuvolf40@mail.ru
Russian Federation, Moscow

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Supplementary files

Supplementary Files
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2. Fig. 1. Dependences of specific capacity on specific current (a) and dependences of specific capacity in 30 wt.% KOH on the number of galvanostatic charge/discharge cycles (b) at a specific current of 0.1 A/g for two RGO-based electrodes with different specific surface areas [45].

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3. Fig. 2. Integral and differential curves of pore size (width) distribution [59].

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4. Fig. 3. SEM image of 3D graphene with macropores formed by removing the pore-forming agent Na2CO3 [48].

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5. Fig. 4. Differential pore size (width) distribution curves for various materials with a hierarchical porous structure described in [48].

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6. FIG. 5. CVA curves for a supercapacitor based on the electrodes developed in [53].

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7. Fig. 6. Schematic representation of the molecular structure of boron-doped graphene aerogel (B-GA) [68].

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8. Fig. 7. Ragone diagram for the symmetric BG/BDD-based ECS and other studied graphene-based ECS [71].

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9. Fig. 8. Change in capacitance over 3000 charge-discharge cycles at a current of 5 mA/cm2 for microsupercapacitors developed in [90].

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10. Fig. 9. TEM images of Ni3Si2/NiOOH/graphene nanostructures obtained in [102].

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11. Fig. 10. Dependences of specific capacity on specific current for samples developed in [106].

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12. Fig. 11. (a) Schematic formation of hollow graphene-wrapped cobalt copper selenide (rGO–CCSe) structures; (b) CV curves for rGO–CCSe and CCSe; (c) change in capacity during cycling of rGO–CCSe [109].

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13. Fig. 12. Dependences of the specific capacity of N–rGO/NiSe2 ECS on the specific current [121].

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14. Fig. 13. Three-dimensional demonstration of the cyclic stability of a three-electrode supercapacitor system based on (a) PPy, (b) G–Ni–W [138].

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Note

2 Based on the materials of the lecture at the 17th International Meeting “Fundamental and Applied Problems of Solid State Ionics”, Chernogolovka, June 16–23, 2024.


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