Verification of the empirical model of ionization of the lower ionosphere during solar flares of different classes

Cover Page

Cite item

Full Text

Open Access Open Access
Restricted Access Access granted
Restricted Access Subscription Access

Abstract

Using the results of measurements of VLF signal parameters propagating in the Earth-D-region of the ionosphere waveguide to assess changes in the state of the lower ionosphere as a result of the impact of X-ray radiation of solar flares, allows us to obtain qualitative data on the nature and magnitude of the impact. Obtaining accurate data on the relationship between changes in electron concentration and flare parameters and reliable prediction of the conditions of propagation of LF radio signals in conditions of strong geophysical disturbances is complicated by the lack of complete information on the frequency spectrum of X-ray radiation at a particular flare and data on the ionization rate of the ionosphere at flares of different classes. The technique of determining the X-ray spectrum in a wide range of wavelengths and calculating the ionization coefficients of the lower ionosphere as a function of the ionizing radiation parameters of flares, presented in [Ryakhovsky et al., 2023], makes it possible to improve the accuracy of estimates of variations in the parameters of the lower ionosphere. The present paper is devoted to verifying the performance of the developed empirical model of the lower ionization of the lower ionosphere at the solar flare front and comparing the results obtained with experimental data on the variation of VLF radio parameters.

About the authors

I. A. Ryakhovsky

Sadovsky Institute of Geospheres Dynamics, Russian Academy of Sciences

Author for correspondence.
Email: ryakhovskiy88@yandex.ru
Russian Federation, Moscow

Y. V. Poklad

Sadovsky Institute of Geospheres Dynamics, Russian Academy of Sciences

Email: poklad@mail.ru
Russian Federation, Moscow

B. G. Gavrilov

Sadovsky Institute of Geospheres Dynamics, Russian Academy of Sciences

Email: boris.gavrilov34@gmail.com
Russian Federation, Moscow

References

  1. Гаврилов Б.Г., Ряховский И.А., Поклад Ю.В. Воздействие солнечного рентгеновского излучения и протонных высыпаний на амплитуду ОНЧ сигналов // Динамические процессы в геосферах. Т. 15. № 2. С. 81−88. 2023. https://doi.org/10.26006/29490995_2023_15_2_81
  2. Корсунская Ю.А Эвристическая модель для восстановления рентгеновской части солнечного спектра по спутниковым данным в интересах геофизических приложений // Солнечно-земная физика. Т. 5. № 3. С. 89−101. 2019. https://doi.org/10/12737/szf-53201909
  3. Ряховский И.А., Поклад Ю.В., Гаврилов Б.Г. Оценка ионизации нижней ионосферы во время солнечных вспышек Х-класса по данным ОНЧ-наблюдений // Геомагнетизм и аэрономия. T. 63. № 4. С. 422−428. 2023. https://doi.org/10.31857/S0016794022600648
  4. Bekker S.Z., Ryakhovsky I.A., Korsunskaya J.A. Modeling of the lower ionosphere during solar X-ray flares of different classes // J. Geophys. Res. − Space. V.126. e2020JA028767. 2021. https://doi.org/10.1029/2020JA028767
  5. Bekker S.Z., Korsunskaya J.A. Influence of the neutral atmosphere model on the correctness of simulation the electron and ion concentrations in the lower ionosphere // J. Geophys. Res. − Space. 128 (12). e2023JA032007. 2023.https://doi.org/10.1029/2020JA028767
  6. Bekker S.Z., Kozlov S.I., Kudryavcev V.P. Comparison and verification of the different schemes for the ionization-recombination cycle of the ionospheric D-region. // J. Geophys. Res. − Space. 27 (10). e2022JA030579. 2022.https://doi.org/10.1029/2022JA030579
  7. Cummer S.A., Inan U.S., Bell T.F. Ionospheric D region remote sensing using VLF radio atmospherics // Radio Sci. V. 33. № 6. P. 1781−1792. 1998. https://doi.org/10.1029/98RS02381
  8. Ferguson J. A. Ionospheric model validation at VLF and LF // Radio Sci. V. 30. № 3. 775−782. 1995. https://doi.org/10.1029/94RS03190
  9. Gavrilov B.G., Ermak V.M., Poklad Y.V., Ryakhovskii I.A. Estimate of variations in the parameters of the midlatitude lower ionosphere caused by the solar flare of September 10. 2017 // Geomagn. Aeronomy. V. 59. № 5. P. 587−592. 2019. https://doi.org/10.1134/S0016793219050049
  10. Gavrilov B.G., Poklad Y.V., Ryakhovsky I.A., Ermak V.M. Dependence of D-region perturbations of the midlatitude ionosphere on the spectral composition of the X-ray radiation of solar flares according to experimental data // Geomagn. Aeronomy. V. 62. № 1. P. 98−103. 2022. https://doi.org/10.1134/S0016793222020086
  11. Hayes L.A., O’Hara O.S.D., Murray S.A., Gallagher P.T. Solar flare effects on the earth’s lower ionosphere // Solar Phys. V. 296. № 11. 2021. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11207-021-01898-y
  12. Levine E.V., Sultan P.J., Teig L.J. A parameterized model of X-ray solar flare effects on the lower ionosphere and HF propagation // Radio Sci. V. 54. № 2. P. 168−180. 2019. https://doi.org/10.1029/2018RS006666
  13. Palit S., Basak T., Mondal S. K., Pal S., Chakrabarti S.K. Modeling of very low frequency (VLF) radio wave signal profile due to solar flares using the GEANT4 Monte Carlo simulation coupled with ionospheric chemistry // Atmos. Chem. Phys. V. 13. № 18. P. 9159–9168. 2013. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-9159-2013.
  14. Singh A.K., Singh A.K., Singh R., Singh R.P. Solar flare induced region ionospheric perturbations evaluated from VLF measurements // Astrophys. Space Sci. V. 350. № 1. P. 1–9. 2013. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10509-013-1699-4
  15. Thomson N.R. Daytime tropical D region parameters from short path VLF phase and amplitude // J. Geophys. Res.− Space. 115. № A9. 2010. https://doi.org/10.1029/2010JA015355
  16. Thomson N.R., Rodger C.J., Clilverd M.A. Daytime D region parameters from long-path VLF phase and amplitude // J. Geophys. Res −Space. V.116. № A11. 2011. https://doi.org/10.1029/2011JA016910.
  17. Xu W., Marshall R.A., Bortnik J., Bonnell J.W. An electron density model of the D- and E-region ionosphere for transionospheric VLF propagation. // J. Geophys. Res. − Space. V. 126. № 7. e2021JA029288. 2021. https://doi.org/10.1029/2021JA029288

Supplementary files

Supplementary Files
Action
1. JATS XML
Download

Copyright (c) 2024 Russian Academy of Sciences