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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Kazan medical journal</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Kazan medical journal</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Казанский медицинский журнал</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">0368-4814</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2587-9359</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">96764</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/KMJ96764</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Clinical experiences</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Обмен клиническим опытом</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Capillaroscopic diagnostics of diabetic microangiopathy using artificial neural networks in patients with diabetes mellitus</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Капилляроскопическая диагностика диабетической микроангиопатии с использованием искусственных нейронных сетей у пациентов с сахарным диабетом</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5754-4418</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">5967-2847</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Krutikov</surname><given-names>Evgeniy S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Крутиков</surname><given-names>Евгений Сергеевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>M.D., D. Sci. (Med.), Prof., Head of Depart., Depart. of Propaedeutics of Internal Medicine, S.I. Georgievsky Medical Academy</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>докт. мед. наук, проф., зав. каф., каф. пропедевтики внутренней медицины, Медицинская академия им. С.И. Георгиевского</p></bio><email>nephrostar@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1772-6399</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">3406-6010</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Zhitova</surname><given-names>Viktoriya A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Житова</surname><given-names>Виктория Андреевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>M.D., Cand. Sci. (Med.), Assistant, Depart. of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology, S.I. Georgievsky Medical Academy</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук, ассистент, каф. базисной и клинической фармакологии, Медицинская академия им. С.И. Георгиевского</p></bio><email>mail@onephro.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8334-8453</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">1900-7487</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Rudenko</surname><given-names>Marina A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Руденко</surname><given-names>Марина Анатольевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Technic.), Assoc. Prof., Depart. of Computer Engineering and Modeling</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. технич. наук, доц., каф. компьютерной инженерии и моделирования</p></bio><email>rudenko.ma@cfuv.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3897-8042</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">9564-4620</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Akaev</surname><given-names>Rustam O.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Акаев</surname><given-names>Рустам Олхазурович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>M.D., Depart. of Propaedeutics of Internal Medicine, S.I. Georgievsky Medical Academy</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>соискатель, каф. пропедевтики внутренней медицины, Медицинская академия им. С.И. Георгиевского</p></bio><email>akaevrustam1975@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2817-1480</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">8608-6393</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Burdin</surname><given-names>Daniil V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бурдин</surname><given-names>Даниил Владимирович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Junior Researcher, Depart. of Computer Engineering and Modeling</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>мл. науч. сотр., каф. компьютерной инженерии и моделирования,</p></bio><email>daniil-b96@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Crimean Federal University named after V.I. Vernadsky</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Крымский федеральный университет им. В.И. Вернадского</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Crimean Federal University named after V.I. Vernadsky</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Крымский федеральный университет им. В.И. Вернадского</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2022-10-28" publication-format="electronic"><day>28</day><month>10</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2022-12-02" publication-format="electronic"><day>02</day><month>12</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>103</volume><issue>6</issue><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>1040</fpage><lpage>1049</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2022-02-11"><day>11</day><month>02</month><year>2022</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2022-10-28"><day>28</day><month>10</month><year>2022</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2022, Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2022, Эко-Вектор</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Эко-Вектор</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" start_date="2025-12-02"/></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://kazanmedjournal.ru/kazanmedj/article/view/96764">https://kazanmedjournal.ru/kazanmedj/article/view/96764</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>Background.</bold> The widespread prevalence of diabetes and the progressive deterioration of health against the background of this disease substantiate the need for the use of new methods for the early diagnosis of diabetic microangiopathies. The combined use of digital capillaroscopy and deep learning technologies will significantly improve the quality and speed of microvascular disorders diagnostics.</p> <p><bold>Aim.</bold> Development of a system for assessing capillary images based on artificial neural networks, as well as its testing for the early diagnosis of microangiopathy in patients with diabetes mellitus.</p> <p><bold>Material and methods.</bold> 136 patients (59 females and 77 males) with type 1 diabetes mellitus aged 25.82±6.05 years were examined and divided into two groups: the first group included 65 (47.8%) patients who had no symptoms of diabetic microangiopathies, the second group — 71 (52.2%) patients who were diagnosed with one or more diabetic microangiopathies. The control group consisted of 30 practically healthy volunteers. All patients with diabetes melitus, as well as individuals from the control group, underwent сapillaroscopic examination. The resulting images were analyzed using the developed evaluation system based on artificial neural networks. Statistical data processing was performed using the Student and Mann–Whitney tests (U-test), logistic regression analysis, and ROC analysis.</p> <p><bold>Results.</bold> In patients with diabetes mellitus, there was a decrease in the capillary network density in both groups and the diameter of the arterial sections in the second group. Capillaroscopy using the developed system showed a sufficient level of significance (χ2=21, p=0.000), high sensitivity (71.43%) and specificity (85.71%). This method can be used in the diagnosis of microangiopathy in diabetic patients.</p> <p><bold>Conclusion.</bold> The combined use of capillaroscopy and neural networks allows to increase the speed and quality of the examination, as well as simplify the interpretation of the resulting images.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Актуальность.</bold> Широкое распространение сахарного диабета и прогрессирующее ухудшение здоровья на фоне этого заболевания обосновывают необходимость применения новых методов ранней диагностики диабетических микроангиопатий. Совместное применение цифровой капилляроскопии и технологий глубокого обучения позволяет существенно повысить качество и скорость диагностики микрососудистых ¬нарушений.</p> <p><bold>Цель.</bold> Разработка системы оценки капилляроскопических изображений на основе искусственных нейронных сетей, а также её тестирование для ранней диагностики микроангиопатии у пациентов с сахарным ¬диабетом.</p> <p><bold>Материал и методы исследования.</bold> Обследованы 136 пациентов (59 женщин и 77 мужчин) с сахарным диабетом 1-го типа в возрасте 25,82±6,05 года, которые были разделены две группы: первая группа — 65 (47,8%) пациентов, у которых отсутствовали признаки диабетических микроангиопатий, вторая группа — 71 (52,2%) пациент, у которых было диагностировано наличие одной или нескольких диабетических микроангиопатий. Группу контроля составили 30 практически здоровых добровольцев. Всем исследуемым с сахарным диабетом, а также участникам из группы контроля выполняли капилляроскопию. Полученные изображения анализировали с помощью разработанной системы оценки с применением искусственных нейронных сетей. Для статистической обработки данных использовали критерии Стьюдента и Манна–Уитни (U-тест), логистический регрессионный анализ и ROC-анализ.</p> <p><bold>Результаты.</bold> У пациентов с сахарным диабетом отмечено снижение плотности капиллярной сети в обеих группах и диаметра артериальных отделов во второй группе. Капилляроскопия с применением разработанной системы показала уровень значимости (χ2=21, р=0,000), высокие чувствительность (71,43%) и специ¬фичность (85,71%). Данный метод можно использовать в диагностике микроангиопатии у больных сахарным диабетом.</p> <p><bold>Вывод.</bold> Применение капилляроскопии одновременно с нейронными сетями позволяет повысить скорость и качество исследования, а также упростить интерпретацию получаемых изображений.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>diabetes mellitus</kwd><kwd>neural networks</kwd><kwd>artificial intelligence</kwd><kwd>microcirculation</kwd><kwd>microangiopathy</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>сахарный диабет</kwd><kwd>нейронные сети</kwd><kwd>искусственный интеллект</kwd><kwd>микроциркуляция</kwd><kwd>микро­ангиопатия</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Yu KH, Beam AL, Kohane IS. Artificial intelligence in healthcare. Nat Biomed Eng. 2018;2:719–731. 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