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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Kazan medical journal</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Kazan medical journal</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Казанский медицинский журнал</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">0368-4814</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2587-9359</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">90970</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/KMJ90970</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Clinical experiences</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Обмен клиническим опытом</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Review Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Neurotization of the facial nerve as an effective way to treat paralysis of mimic muscles</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Невротизация лицевого нерва как эффективный способ лечения паралича мимической мускулатуры</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6024-8142</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Skaliitchouk</surname><given-names>Bogdan V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Скалийчук</surname><given-names>Богдан Валентинович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>student</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>курсант</p></bio><email>bogdan_skaliitchouk@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1886-5486</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Gaivoronsky</surname><given-names>Alexey I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гайворонский</surname><given-names>Алексей Иванович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>M.D., D. Sci. (Med.), Prof., Depart. of Neurosurgery</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>докт. мед. наук, проф., каф. нейрохирургии</p></bio><email>don-gaivoronsky@ya.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5930-3805</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Vinogradov</surname><given-names>Vyacheslav V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Виноградов</surname><given-names>Вячеслав Вадимович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>student</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>курсант</p></bio><email>ulytreack@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3922-9887</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Svistov</surname><given-names>Dmitriy V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Свистов</surname><given-names>Дмитрий Владимирович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>M.D., Cand. Sci. (Med.), Assoc. Prof., Head of Depart., Depart. of Neurosurgery</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук, доц., начальник кафедры нейрохирургии</p></bio><email>dvsvistov@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Military Medical Academy named after S.M. Kirov</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Военно-медицинская академия им. С.М. Кирова</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">St. Petersburg State University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Санкт-Петербургский государственный университет</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2022-11-14" publication-format="electronic"><day>14</day><month>11</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2023-02-01" publication-format="electronic"><day>01</day><month>02</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>104</volume><issue>1</issue><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>134</fpage><lpage>143</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2021-12-24"><day>24</day><month>12</month><year>2021</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2022-09-29"><day>29</day><month>09</month><year>2022</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2023, Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2023, Эко-Вектор</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Эко-Вектор</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" start_date="2026-02-01"/></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://kazanmedjournal.ru/kazanmedj/article/view/90970">https://kazanmedjournal.ru/kazanmedj/article/view/90970</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Pathologies of the facial nerve are one of the most common types of pathology of the peripheral nervous system. In the structure of lesions of the cranial nerves, this pathology occupies the first place. The clinical picture of facial nerve damage of various genesis is rather monotonous and manifests itself as persistent paresis or paralysis of the facial muscles. The literature describes a large number of different highly effective techniques aimed at restoring the function of the facial nerve and mimic muscles, examples of which are numerous conservative and surgical methods for the treatment of facial nerve neuropathy. The review presents the most common method of mimic muscles paralysis surgical treatment — facial nerve neurotization. The essence of this surgical intervention is in suturing to the affected facial nerve the trunk or a portion of individual fibers of the intact nerve-neurotic, which can be the hypoglossal, masticatory, phrenic, accessory, glossopharyngeal nerves, as well as the descending branch of the hypoglossal nerve and the anterior branches of the C2–C3 cervical nerves. Currently, options for the combined use of various donor nerves and autoextensions are gaining popularity among neurosurgeons, due to more favorable results in restoring the function of the facial nerve, as well as with an individual approach to each patient. The main stages of neurotization of the facial nerve include the isolation and intersection of the facial nerve, the isolation and intersection of the trunk or individual fibers of the neurotizer, the execution of the suture of the nerve in the “end to end” or “end to side” method. Particular attention should be paid to the most innovative method of facial nerve neurotization — facial nerve cross-plasty, during which an anastomosis between the damaged and intact facial nerves using autotransplants from the gastrocnemius nerve or a free muscle graft, including the tender muscle and the anterior branch of the obturator nerve is performed. The process of restoring facial nerve function and regressing characteristic symptoms takes a long period of time and requires specialized restorative treatment.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Поражения лицевого нерва являются одним из наиболее часто встречающихся видов патологии периферической нервной системы. В структуре поражений черепных нервов эта патология занимает первое место. Клиническая картина повреждений лицевого нерва различного генеза довольно однообразна и проявляется стойким парезом или параличом мимической мускулатуры. В литературе описано большое количество различных высокоэффективных методик, направленных на восстановление функции лицевого нерва и мимической мускулатуры, примерами которых служат многочисленные консервативные и оперативные способы лечения невропатии лицевого нерва. В обзоре представлен наиболее распространённый способ хирургического лечения паралича мимической мускулатуры — невротизация лицевого нерва. Суть такого оперативного вмешательства заключается в подшивании к поражённому лицевому нерву ствола или порции отдельных волокон интактного нерва-невротизатора, в качестве которого могут выступать подъязычный, жевательный, диафрагмальный, добавочный, языкоглоточный нервы, а также нисходящая ветвь подъязычного нерва и передние ветви С2–С3 шейных нервов. В настоящее время среди нейрохирургов набирают популярность варианты комбинированного использования различных нервов-доноров и аутовставок в связи с более благоприятными результатами восстановления функции лицевого нерва, а также с индивидуальным подходом к каждому пациенту. Основные этапы невротизации лицевого нерва включают выделение и пересечение лицевого нерва, выделение и пересечение ствола или отдельных волокон невротизатора, выполнение шва нерва способом «конец в конец» или «конец в бок». Особого внимания заслуживает наиболее инновационный способ невротизации лицевого нерва — кросс-пластика лицевого нерва, в ходе которой с помощью аутовставок из икроножного нерва или свободного мышечного трансплантата, включающего нежную мышцу и переднюю ветвь запирательного нерва, производят анастомоз между повреждённым и интактным лицевыми нервами. Процесс восстановления функции лицевого нерва и регрессирование характерной симптоматики занимают длительный промежуток времени и требуют проведения специализированного восстановительного лечения.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>facial nerve</kwd><kwd>neurotization</kwd><kwd>mimic muscle paralysis</kwd><kwd>cross-facial autotransplantation</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>лицевой нерв</kwd><kwd>невротизация</kwd><kwd>паралич мимических мышц</kwd><kwd>кросс-лицевая аутотрансплантация</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sektsiya StAR “Assotsiaciya chelyustno-litsevykh khirurgov i khirurgov-stomatologov”. Klinicheskiy protokol meditsinskoy pomoshchi patsientam s neyropatiey litsevogo nerva. (Section STAR “Association of Maxillofacial Surgeons and Dental Surgeons”. 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