Kazan medical journalKazan medical journalКазанский медицинский журнал0368-48142587-9359Eco-Vector9095510.17816/KMJ2022-230ReviewsОбзорыReview ArticleCapabilities of transesophageal echocardiography in patients with atrial fibrillationВозможности метода чреспищеводной эхокардиографии у пациентов с фибрилляцией предсердийhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-7403-0200GalyautdinovGenshat S.ГаляутдиновГеншат Саляхутдинович
Russian Federation

M.D., D. Sci. (Med.), Prof., Depart. Of Hospital Therapy

докт. мед. наук, проф., каф. госпитальной терапии

galgen077@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-5300-0635IbragimovaKarina R.ИбрагимоваКарина Рафатовна
Russian Federation

M.D., Clinical pharmacologist, Medical Unit of PJSC TATNEFT

врач клинический фармаколог Медсанчасти ОАО «Татнефть» и г. Альметьевска

skmalina@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-8654-1112GaleevaShamilya Sh.ГалееваШамиля Шамилевна
Russian Federation

M.D., Resident, Depart. of Hospital Therapy

ординатор, каф. госпитальной терапии

g.s.0101@yandex.ruKazan State Medical UniversityКазанский государственный медицинский университетMedical and sanitary department of OAO TATNEFTМедико-санитарная часть ОАО «Татнефть» и г. Альметьевска1204202210322302402312202121012022Copyright ©; 2022, Eco-VectorCopyright ©; 2022, Эко-Вектор2022Eco-VectorЭко-Векторhttps://kazanmedjournal.ru/kazanmedj/article/view/90955

Transesophageal echocardiography is widely used in clinical practice in patients with atrial fibrillation and it is mainly applied to determine the morphology of the heart, the presence of intracardiac thrombi, quantify the structures of the heart, as well as to determine the tactics for surgical interventions. Transesophageal echocardiography has an advantage over transthoracic echocardiography in visualizing the left atrium and left atrial appendage, common sites of thrombus formation in patients with atrial fibrillation. Due to the anatomical proximity of the esophagus to the heart, the transesophageal access avoids signal fading and incorrect interpretation of the study results. The possibilities of transesophageal echocardiography in patients with atrial fibrillation have expanded with the development of medical technology, and three-dimensional transesophageal echocardiography has become widespread. In recent years, the studies on the use of the transesophageal echocardiography in patients with atrial fibrillation during the coronavirus pandemic have been published. The review presents the results of studies, meta-analyzes of pooled samples, as well as clinical cases, demonstrating capabilities of transesophageal echocardiography in patients with atrial fibrillation. A brief history of the development of the method, work on the study of the technology features and capabilities of transesophageal echocardiography for pulmonary vein ablation, cardioversion, occlusion of the left atrial appendage in patients with atrial fibrillation, as well as studies on disadvantages of the transesophageal echocardiography and possible options for their elimination are presented. Comparison of the transesophageal echocardiography with transthoracic and intracardial echocardiography is also highlighted. In preparing the review, the literature search method in PubMed databases for the period 2012–2021 was used, as well as data from an earlier period to indicate the history of the method development.

Чреспищеводную эхокардиографию широко применяют в клинической практике у пациентов с фибрилляцией предсердий и используют преимущественно для определения морфологии сердца, наличия внутрисердечных тромбов, количественной оценки структур сердца, а также определения тактики при хирургических вмешательствах. Чреспищеводная эхокардиография имеет преимущество перед трансторакальной эхокардиографией в визуализации левого предсердия и ушка левого предсердия — частых мест тромбообразования у пациентов с фибрилляцией предсердий. За счёт анатомической близости пищевода к сердцу чреспищеводный доступ позволяет избежать угасания сигнала и неверной интерпретации результатов исследования. Возможности чреспищеводной эхокардиографии у пациентов с фибрилляцией предсердий расширялись по мере развития медицинских технологий, получила распространение трёхмерная чреспищеводная эхокардиография. В последние годы были опубликованы работы по применению метода чреспищеводной эхокардиографии у пациентов с фибрилляцией предсердий в условиях пандемии коронавирусной инфекции. В обзоре приведены результаты исследований, метаанализов объединённых выборок, а также описания клинических случаев возможностей метода чреспищеводной эхокардиографии у пациентов с фибрилляцией предсердий. Представлены краткая история развития метода, работы по изучению особенностей технологии и возможностей чреспищеводной эхокардиографии при абляции лёгочных вен, кардиоверсии, окклюзии ушка левого предсердия у пациентов с фибрилляцией предсердий, а также исследования по изучению недостатков метода чреспищеводной эхокардиографии и возможных вариантов их устранения, освещено сравнение метода чреспищеводной эхокардиографии с трансторакальной и интракардиальной эхокардиографией. При подготовке обзора был использован метод поиска литературы за период 2012–2021 гг., а также работы более раннего периода для обозначения истории развития метода.

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