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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Kazan medical journal</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Kazan medical journal</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Казанский медицинский журнал</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">0368-4814</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2587-9359</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">82705</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/KMJ2022-788</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Experimental medicine</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Экспериментальная медицина</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">The effect of the photoperiod on the serotonergic system of the thymus and its role in the ­implementation of the effects of exogenous melatonin</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Влияние фотопериода на серотонинергическую систему вилочковой железы и его роль в реализации эффектов экзогенного мелатонина</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1217-0985</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Luzikova</surname><given-names>Elena M.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лузикова</surname><given-names>Елена Михайловна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Biol.), Assoc. Prof., Depart. of General and Clinical Morphology and Forensic Medicine</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. биол. наук, доц., каф. общей и клинической морфологии и судебной медицины</p></bio><email>nema76@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3471-5226</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Sergeeva</surname><given-names>Valentina E.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сергеева</surname><given-names>Валентина Ефремовна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>D. Sci. (Biol.), Prof., Depart. of Medical Biology with a Course of Microbiology and Viro­logy</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>докт. биол. наук, проф., каф. медицинской биологии с курсом микробиологии и вирусологии</p></bio><email>valentina-sergeeva@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3043-9703</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Moskovsky</surname><given-names>Alexander V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Московский</surname><given-names>Александр Владимирович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>M.D., D. Sci. (Med.), Prof., Depart. of Prosthetic Dentistry and Orthodontics</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>докт. мед. наук, проф., каф. ортопедической стоматологии и ортодонтии</p></bio><email>moskov_av@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2016-331X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Sergeev</surname><given-names>Pavel V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сергеев</surname><given-names>Павел Владимирович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>student</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>студент</p></bio><email>sem_212@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8625-1318</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Lukachev</surname><given-names>Ivan A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лукачев</surname><given-names>Иван Александрович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>student</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>студент</p></bio><email>joke.job@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9147-7263</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Moskovskaya</surname><given-names>Olesya I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Московская</surname><given-names>Олеся Игоревна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Biol.), Assoc. Prof., Depart. of Medical Biology with a Course of Microbio­logy and virology</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. биол. наук, доц., каф. медицинской биологии с курсом микробиологии и вирусологии</p></bio><email>moskov_av@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Chuvash State University named after I.N. Ulyanov</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Чувашский государственный университет им. И.Н. Ульянова</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2022-10-03" publication-format="electronic"><day>03</day><month>10</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>103</volume><issue>5</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>788</fpage><lpage>796</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2021-10-06"><day>06</day><month>10</month><year>2021</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2022-09-01"><day>01</day><month>09</month><year>2022</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2022, Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2022, Эко-Вектор</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Эко-Вектор</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" start_date="2025-10-03"/></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://kazanmedjournal.ru/kazanmedj/article/view/82705">https://kazanmedjournal.ru/kazanmedj/article/view/82705</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>Background.</bold> It was believed that the functioning of the immune organs is photoindependent, but there are a number of works that testify to the effect of the photoperiod shift on the functioning of the immune organs. We hypothesized that the absence of a photoperiod under constant light or constant dark would affect the serotonergic system of the thymus gland, as well as the direction and intensity of melatonin exposure.</p> <p><bold>Aim.</bold> Study of serotonin-containing thymus cells under conditions of experimental desynchronosis and the role of the photoperiod in the realization of the effects of exogenous melatonin.</p> <p><bold>Material and methods.</bold> A comparative study of serotonin-containing thymus cells of 8-week-old Wistar rats, which were divided into 6 groups, was carried out. The first and second groups were kept under conditions of natural photoperiod, the third and fourth — in conditions of constant darkening, the fifth and sixth groups — in conditions of constant illumination within 4 weeks. Melatonin ad libitum at a concentration of 4 mg/l with water was received by animals of the second, fourth and sixth groups for 4 weeks. To determine the level of serotonin in cells, monoclonal antibodies to 5-HT were used. Conclusions about the serotonin content in the cells were made by measuring the optical density of the substance in 100 cells for each animal using the SigmaScan Pro5 program. Descriptive statistical processing was performed using the Statistica 17 program. The data obtained for each group of animals were averaged, the standard error and standard deviation were calculated.</p> <p><bold>Results.</bold> Artificial darkening reduced the serotonin content in 5-HT-immunoreactive cells of the cortical substance by 2.4 times (p=0.001), and constant illumination increased this indicator by 1.9 times (p=0.001). When melatonin was administered to animals kept in dark conditions for 4 weeks, the optical density of serotonin increased by 3.6 times (p &lt;0.0001). Administration of melatonin to animals under constant illumination led to an increase in the optical density of serotonin in the cells of the diffuse endocrine system at the border of the cortex and medulla of the lobules by 1.5 times (p=0.002).</p> <p><bold>Conclusion.</bold> The cells of the diffuse endocrine system of the thymus are sensitive to changes in the photoperiod, and the introduction of melatonin has a multidirectional effect on the amount and optical density of serotonin under different light conditions.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Актуальность.</bold> Считалось, что функционирование иммунных органов фотонезависимо, но существует ряд работ, свидетельствующих о влиянии сдвига фотопериода на работу иммунных органов. Мы предположили, что отсутствие фотопериода при постоянном освещении или постоянном затемнении повлияет на серотонинергическую систему вилочковой железы (тимуса), а также на направление и интенсивность воздействия мелатонина.</p> <p><bold>Цель.</bold> Изучение серотонин-содержащих клеток тимуса в условиях экспериментального десинхроноза и роль фотопериода в реализации эффектов экзогенного мелатонина.</p> <p><bold>Материал и методы исследования.</bold> Проведено сравнительное исследование серотонин-содержащих клеток тимуса 8-недельных крыс линии Wistar, которые были разделены на шесть групп: первую и вторую группы содержали в условиях естественного фотопериода, третью и четвёртую — в условиях постоянного затемнения, пятую и шестую группы — в условиях постоянного освещения в течение 4 нед. Мелатонин ad libitum в концентрации 4 мг/л с питьевой водой в течение 4 нед получали животные второй, четвёртой и шестой групп. Для определения уровня серотонина в клетках использовали моноклональные антитела к 5-HT. Выводы о содержании серотонина в клетках делали путём измерения оптической плотности вещества в 100 клетках по каждому животному с помощью программы SigmaScan Pro5. Описательная статистическая обработка произведена с использованием программы Statisticа 17. Полученные данные по каждой группе животных усредняли, вычисляли стандартную ошибку и стандартное отклонение.</p> <p><bold>Результаты.</bold> Искусственное затемнение снижает содержание серотонина в 5-НТ-иммунореактивных клетках коркового вещества в 2,4 раза (p=0,001), а постоянное освещение увеличивает этот показатель в 1,9 раза (p=0,001). При введении мелатонина животным, находившимся в затемнённых условиях в течение 4 нед, оптическая плотность серотонина возрастает в 3,6 раза (p &lt;0,0001). Введение мелатонина животным, находившимся в условиях постоянного освещения, приводит к увеличению оптической плотности серотонина в клетках диффузной эндокринной системы на границе коркового и мозгового вещества долек в 1,5 раза (p=0,002).</p> <p><bold>Вывод.</bold> Клетки диффузной эндокринной системы тимуса чувствительны к изменению фотопериода, а введение мелатонина оказывает разнонаправленное действие на количество и оптическую плотность серотонина в разных световых условиях.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>melatonin</kwd><kwd>thymus</kwd><kwd>serotonin</kwd><kwd>photoperiod</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>мелатонин</kwd><kwd>тимус</kwd><kwd>серотонин</kwd><kwd>фотопериод</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Arushanian EB, Beĭer EV. Pineal hormone melatonin is an universal adaptogenicagent. 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