Kazan medical journalKazan medical journalКазанский медицинский журнал0368-48142587-9359Eco-Vector782110.17816/KMJ2018-131Social hygiene and healthcare managementСоциальная гигиена и организация здравоохраненияResearch ArticleStudy of factors affecting attitude towards people with mental illness in AzerbaijanИсследование факторов, влияющих на отношение к пациентам с психическими расстройствами в АзербайджанеRasulovA RРасуловАгахасан Расул оглыnauchnayastatya@yandex.ruAzerbaijan State Advanced Training Institute for Doctors named after A. AliyevАзербайджанский государственный институт усовершенствования врачей им. А. Алиева15022018991VOL 99, NO1 (2018)ТОМ 99, №1 (2018)13113906022018Copyright ©; 2018, Rasulov A.R.Copyright ©; 2018, Расулов А.Р.2018Rasulov A.R.Расулов А.Р.http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0https://kazanmedjournal.ru/kazanmedj/article/view/7821

Aim. To determine the factors that form attitude towards persons with severe mental disorders, as well as to establish a correlation between these factors and socio-demographic variables.

Methods. Cross-sectional study was conducted among 1000 respondents in five regions of the country. The questionnaire included nine statements designed to identify different aspects concerning the relation of society towards people with mental disorders. The interviews were conducted by specially trained volunteers living in the capital and regions of the country. All interviewers were instructed about the objectives of the study and procedure of the survey and 1100 printed questionnaires were distributed. As a result, 996 completed questionnaires were collected, thus the response to the survey comprised 90.5%, i.e. the number of study participants was consistent with the planned sample size.

Results. The study established three-factor structure of attitude towards people with mental disorders. Older age and personal acquaintance with a patient was associated with lower degree of social distance, while female gender was associated with greater degree of social threat perception. The tolerant attitude positively correlated with marital status and familiarity with patients, and negatively with the presence of mental illness in the family. The results of the multivariate linear regression suggest that social distancing does not depend on gender, education, marital status and place of residence of the respondents. However, older persons are more likely to recognize the fact that persons with mental disorders are unable to adapt to society and to fulfill social functions. In addition, personal experience of dealing with patients is associated with lower level of social distancing.

Conclusion. The three-factor structure allows better understanding of various aspects of stigmatization of persons with mental disorders.

Цель. Определить факторы, формирующие отношение к пациентам, имеющим тяжёлые психические расстройства, а также установить корреляцию между этими факторами и социально-демографическими переменными.

Методы. Кросс-секционное исследование проведено среди 1000 респондентов в пяти регионах страны. Анкета включала девять утверждений, предназначенных для определения различных аспектов, касающихся отношения общества к людям с психическими расстройствами. Интервью проводили специально обученные волонтёры, приживающие в столице и регионах страны. Всем интервьюерам были даны инструкции о цели исследования и порядке проведения опроса, было роздано 1100 распечатанных анкет. В итоге было собрано 996 заполненных анкет, отклик на опрос составил 90,5%, то есть количество участников исследования соответствовало запланированному размеру выборки.

Результаты. В ходе исследования установлена трёхфакторная структура отношения к людям с психическими заболеваниями. Пожилой возраст и личное знакомство с пациентом было связано с более низкими оценками социальной дистанции, в то время как женский пол был связан с большим уровнем восприятия социальной угрозы. Толерантное отношение положительно коррелирует с семейным положением и знакомством с пациентами, отрицательно - с наличием психического заболевания в семье. Результаты многомерной линейной регрессии позволяют предположить, что социальное дистанцирование не зависит от пола, образования, семейного положения и места жительства респондентов. Однако люди более старшего возраста в большей степени склонны признавать тот факт, что лица с психическими расстройствами могут адаптироваться в обществе и выполнять социальные функции. Кроме того, личный опыт знакомства с больными ассоциируется с меньшим уровнем социального дистанцирования.

Вывод. Трёхфакторная структура позволяет лучше понять различные аспекты стигматизации пациентов с психическими расстройствами.

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