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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Kazan medical journal</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Kazan medical journal</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Казанский медицинский журнал</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">0368-4814</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2587-9359</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">7814</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/KMJ2018-084</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Reviews</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Обзоры</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Review Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Interstitial cystitis: painful bladder syndrome</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Интерстициальный цистит: синдром болезненного мочевого пузыря</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Sholan</surname><given-names>R F</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шолан</surname><given-names>Рашад Фархад оглы</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>drrashad@hotmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Garaev</surname><given-names>G Sh</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гараев</surname><given-names>Галиб Шалонович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>drrashad@hotmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Nasrullaeva</surname><given-names>G M</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Насруллаева</surname><given-names>Гюльнара Мамедалиевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>drrashad@hotmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Republican Medical Diagnostic Center</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Республиканский лечебно-диагностический центр</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Azerbaijan Medical University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Азербайджанский медицинский университет</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2018-02-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>02</month><year>2018</year></pub-date><volume>99</volume><issue>1</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en">VOL 99, NO1 (2018)</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="ru">ТОМ 99, №1 (2018)</issue-title><fpage>84</fpage><lpage>91</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2018-02-06"><day>06</day><month>02</month><year>2018</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2018, Sholan R.F., Garaev G.S., Nasrullaeva G.M.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2018, Шолан Р.Ф., Гараев Г.Ш., Насруллаева Г.М.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2018</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Sholan R.F., Garaev G.S., Nasrullaeva G.M.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Шолан Р.Ф., Гараев Г.Ш., Насруллаева Г.М.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://kazanmedjournal.ru/kazanmedj/article/view/7814">https://kazanmedjournal.ru/kazanmedj/article/view/7814</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Interstitial cystitis, or painful bladder syndrome, is a chronic inflammatory disease of a bladder of unknown etiology. It negatively affects the quality of life, causes depressive disorders, anxiety, and sexual dysfunction. Despite numerous studies, the etiology of interstitial cystitis is still unclear and it’s considered as painful bladder syndrome with multifactorial origin. According to the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 470/100 000 people (60/100 000 men, 850/100 000 women) are diagnosed with interstitial cystitis. Diagnosis of the disease is difficult and is substantially based on clinical symptoms. Pelvic pain, urinary urgency, frequency and nocturia are the basic complaints in this pathology. The diagnosis requires exclusion of diseases with similar manifestations. So interstitial cystitis is frequently misdiagnosed as urinary tract infection, overactive bladder, urethral obstruction or diverticulosis, chronic prostatitis, bladder cancer, vulvodynia, endometriosis, and chronic pelvic pain. Etiopathogenesis of the disease is uncertain, which makes etiologic treatment impossible. Currently scientific discussions on the causes of disease continue as well as different treatment regimens are offered, but are often ineffective, palliative and temporary. The treatment for intersticial cystitis should focus on restoring normal bladder function, prevention of relapse of symptoms and improvement of patients’ quality of life. The literature review presents current view on the terminology, epidemiology, diagnosis and treatment of interstitial cystitis.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Интерстициальный цистит, или болевой синдром мочевого пузыря, - хроническое воспалительное заболевание мочевого пузыря с неизвестной этиологией. Оно ухудшает качество жизни, вызывает депрессию, стресс, нарушение сексуальных функций. Несмотря на многочисленные исследования, этиология интерстициального цистита до сих пор неясна, и болезнь рассматривают как синдром раздражённого мочевого пузыря с мультифакториальным генезом. Согласно Национальному анкетированию по вопросам здоровья и питания США, у 470/100 000 человек (60/100 000 среди мужчин, 850/100 000 среди женщин) выявляют интерстициальный цистит. Диагностика болезни сложна и основывается в основном на клинических проявлениях. Боль в области малого таза, императивные позывы к мочеиспусканию, частое мочеиспускание и ноктурия - основные жалобы при этой патологии. Для установления диагноза необходимо исключение заболеваний, которые имеют схожую клиническую картину. Во многих случаях интерстициальный цистит не дифференцируют с такими видами патологии, как инфекция мочевыводящих путей, гиперактивный мочевой пузырь, обструкция или дивертикул уретры, хронический простатит, рак мочевого пузыря, вульводиния, эндометриоз и хроническая тазовая боль. Этиопатогенез заболевания до конца не изучен, что делает невозможным этиологическое лечение. В настоящее время не только продолжаются научные дискуссии по поводу причин развития заболевания, но и обсуждаются различные схемы его лечения, которое зачастую неэффективно, является паллиативным и носит временный характер. Лечение интерстициального цистита должно быть направлено на восстановление нормальной функции мочевого пузыря, предотвращение рецидива симптомов заболевания и улучшение качества жизни больных. В литературном обзоре показаны современные представления, касающиеся вопросов терминологии, эпидемиологии, диагностики и лечения интерстициального цистита.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>interstitial cystitis</kwd><kwd>bladder</kwd><kwd>pelvic pain</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>интерстициальный цистит</kwd><kwd>мочевой пузырь</kwd><kwd>тазовая боль</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Offiah I., McMahon S.B., O’Reilly B.A. Interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome: diagnosis and management. Int. Urogynecol. J. 2013; 24: 1243–1256. DOI: 10.1007/s00192-013-2057-3.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Offiah I., McMahon S.B., O’Reilly B.A. Interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome: diagnosis and management. Int. Urogynecol. J. 2013; 24: 1243-1256. 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